{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2021205535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2014.6951923","title":"Routing based on layered stochastic games for multi-hop cognitive radio networks","display_name":"Routing based on layered stochastic games for multi-hop cognitive radio networks","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2021205535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2014.6951923","mag":"2021205535"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc.2014.6951923","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2014.6951923","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350664","display_name":"Wenbo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0911-3189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031417073","display_name":"Andres Kwasinski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8083-8318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andres Kwasinski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063667378","display_name":"Zhu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-5822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, TX, USA","[Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Houston, TX, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Houston, TX, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10230913,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"63","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.7895739078521729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7841857671737671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6741715669631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.6254137754440308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5860925912857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.5670777559280396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5495402812957764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hop","display_name":"Hop (telecommunications)","score":0.5416276454925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.48072555661201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.41553008556365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.4140594005584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-routing","display_name":"Geographic routing","score":0.41128891706466675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.38237297534942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-routing","display_name":"Static routing","score":0.3271558880805969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.24121856689453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14887160062789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07636779546737671}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.7895739078521729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7841857671737671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6741715669631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.6254137754440308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5860925912857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.5670777559280396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5495402812957764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25906391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432381","display_name":"Hop (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5416276454925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.48072555661201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.41553008556365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.4140594005584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50558702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5535067","display_name":"Geographic routing","level":5,"score":0.41128891706466675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.38237297534942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204948658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119410","display_name":"Static routing","level":4,"score":0.3271558880805969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.24121856689453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14887160062789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07636779546737671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc.2014.6951923","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2014.6951923","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031857436","https://openalex.org/W2048570986","https://openalex.org/W2103127461","https://openalex.org/W2115771369","https://openalex.org/W2133858407","https://openalex.org/W2134033057","https://openalex.org/W2144679127","https://openalex.org/W2148925052","https://openalex.org/W2156207742","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4255047891"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120137201","https://openalex.org/W1655019438","https://openalex.org/W2123812631","https://openalex.org/W2950120971","https://openalex.org/W2543752581","https://openalex.org/W1975971517","https://openalex.org/W2149136852","https://openalex.org/W2163375631","https://openalex.org/W2395854216","https://openalex.org/W2250653702"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,64,74],"distributed":[4],"routing":[5,76],"mechanism":[6],"for":[7,130,154],"the":[8,25,32,39,47,55,58,82,87,100,113,123,127,131,152,158],"multi-hop":[9],"Cognitive":[10],"Radio":[11],"Networks":[12],"(CRNs)":[13],"over":[14],"multiple":[15,155],"primary":[16],"channels.":[17],"The":[18,137],"Secondary":[19],"Users":[20,41],"(SUs)":[21],"attempts":[22],"to":[23,38,45,54,147],"utilize":[24],"channels":[26],"and":[27,144],"minimize":[28],"their":[29,93],"delay":[30],"along":[31],"route":[33],"while":[34],"avoiding":[35],"causing":[36],"interference":[37],"Primary":[40],"(PUs).":[42],"In":[43],"order":[44],"address":[46],"problem":[48],"of":[49,116],"time-varying":[50],"channel":[51],"condition":[52],"due":[53],"PU":[56],"dynamics,":[57],"route-selection":[59],"process":[60],"is":[61,140,145],"modeled":[62,98],"as":[63,99],"global":[65,75],"Markov":[66],"Decision":[67],"Process":[68],"(MDP).":[69],"We":[70],"show":[71],"that":[72],"such":[73],"MDP":[77],"can":[78,119],"be":[79,120,148],"decomposed":[80],"into":[81],"layered":[83],"MDPs,":[84],"in":[85,150,157],"which":[86],"interactions":[88],"between":[89],"neighbor":[90],"SUs":[91],"with":[92,108,126],"local":[94,101,124],"next-hop":[95,135],"selection":[96],"are":[97],"stochastic":[102],"games.":[103],"By":[104],"applying":[105],"reinforcement":[106],"learning":[107],"utility":[109],"based":[110],"fictitious":[111],"play,":[112],"best":[114],"response":[115],"each":[117],"SU":[118],"learned":[121],"from":[122,134],"game":[125],"only":[128],"need":[129],"information":[132],"exchange":[133],"SUs.":[136],"proposed":[138],"algorithm":[139],"evaluated":[141],"through":[142],"simulations":[143],"shown":[146],"effective":[149],"reducing":[151],"delays":[153],"flows":[156],"CRN.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}