{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2034033399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2013.6554556","title":"GreenBase: An energy-efficient middleware for baseband units in radio access networks","display_name":"GreenBase: An energy-efficient middleware for baseband units in radio access networks","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2034033399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2013.6554556","mag":"2034033399"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc.2013.6554556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2013.6554556","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088265807","display_name":"Jiayu Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0837-2725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185443292","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiayu Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Engg, Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Engg, Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091456179","display_name":"Zhen Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1961-1306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185443292","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Engg, Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Engg, Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012773300","display_name":"Chengzhong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9480-0356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185443292","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Zhong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Engg, Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Engg, Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045131078","display_name":"Kun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4128-1112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185443292","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Engg, Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Engg, Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088265807"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2364,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60047841,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"157","last_page":"162"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12720","display_name":"Multimedia Communication and Technology","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.801352858543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7306222319602966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-radio","display_name":"Software-defined radio","score":0.659417986869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.5979607701301575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-software-radio-peripheral","display_name":"Universal Software Radio Peripheral","score":0.5884305238723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5667452812194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5368016362190247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.5278379917144775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-management","display_name":"Power management","score":0.4967535138130188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middleware","display_name":"Middleware (distributed applications)","score":0.42013856768608093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-budget","display_name":"Power budget","score":0.41740715503692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-control","display_name":"Power control","score":0.39190948009490967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3880999684333801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.38547319173812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2737891674041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20412489771842957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.17742401361465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12954288721084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.12803426384925842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09749782085418701}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.801352858543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7306222319602966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171115542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331892","display_name":"Software-defined radio","level":2,"score":0.659417986869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.5979607701301575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192220659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1245659","display_name":"Universal Software Radio Peripheral","level":3,"score":0.5884305238723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5667452812194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5368016362190247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.5278379917144775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778774385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4437810","display_name":"Power management","level":3,"score":0.4967535138130188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169468491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146923","display_name":"Middleware (distributed applications)","level":2,"score":0.42013856768608093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149768029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509342","display_name":"Power budget","level":4,"score":0.41740715503692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.39190948009490967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3880999684333801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.38547319173812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2737891674041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20412489771842957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.17742401361465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12954288721084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.12803426384925842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09749782085418701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcnc.2013.6554556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2013.6554556","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535412681","https://openalex.org/W1576226931","https://openalex.org/W2102171051","https://openalex.org/W2109066397","https://openalex.org/W2112806194","https://openalex.org/W2129615485","https://openalex.org/W2160804075","https://openalex.org/W2788355865","https://openalex.org/W4241844046","https://openalex.org/W6634531628","https://openalex.org/W6683774944"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4251089492","https://openalex.org/W2993899695","https://openalex.org/W2886621694","https://openalex.org/W2540432762","https://openalex.org/W2127011572","https://openalex.org/W1622326982","https://openalex.org/W2354005007","https://openalex.org/W208897493","https://openalex.org/W117117353","https://openalex.org/W2048387591"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"power":[1,59,69,84,87,97,133,139],"consumption":[2,151],"of":[3,12,22,30,53,81],"radio":[4,122],"access":[5],"networks":[6],"(RAN)":[7],"has":[8],"attracted":[9],"a":[10,19,68,82,112,161],"lot":[11],"attention":[13],"since":[14],"energy":[15,32,64,75,103,150],"cost":[16],"takes":[17],"up":[18],"vast":[20],"portion":[21],"operational":[23],"expenditure":[24],"(OPEX).":[25],"Specifically,":[26],"more":[27],"than":[28],"half":[29],"the":[31],"is":[33,43,49],"consumed":[34],"by":[35,152],"base":[36],"stations":[37],"(BS).":[38],"Baseband":[39],"Unit":[40],"(BBU),":[41],"which":[42],"responsible":[44],"for":[45,77],"baseband":[46],"signal":[47],"processing,":[48],"an":[50,95,102],"important":[51],"part":[52],"BS":[54],"but":[55],"still":[56],"lacks":[57],"effective":[58],"management":[60,70,98,140],"solutions":[61],"to":[62,73],"improve":[63,74],"efficiency.":[65],"We":[66],"present":[67],"middleware,":[71,109],"GreenBase,":[72],"efficiency":[76,104],"BBUs.":[78],"GreenBase":[79,130,146],"consists":[80],"software-based":[83],"metering":[85],"tool,":[86],"and":[88,101,134],"performance":[89,135],"monitors":[90],"as":[91,93],"well":[92],"managers,":[94],"extensible":[96],"policy":[99],"library,":[100],"analyzer.":[105],"To":[106],"evaluate":[107],"this":[108],"we":[110,144],"construct":[111],"BBU":[113],"testbed":[114],"running":[115],"video":[116],"streaming":[117],"applications":[118],"based":[119],"on":[120],"software-defined":[121],"platform":[123],"GNU":[124],"Radio/USRP.":[125],"The":[126],"experimental":[127],"results":[128],"validate":[129],"can":[131,147],"achieve":[132],"target":[136,157],"with":[137],"integrated":[138],"policies.":[141],"In":[142],"particular,":[143],"find":[145],"reduce":[148],"total":[149],"about":[153],"13%":[154],"while":[155],"satisfying":[156],"statistic":[158],"QoS":[159,163],"using":[160],"stochastic":[162],"controller.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
