{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2973372147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/waspaa.2019.8937170","title":"Cutting Music Source Separation Some Slakh: A Dataset to Study the Impact of Training Data Quality and Quantity","display_name":"Cutting Music Source Separation Some Slakh: A Dataset to Study the Impact of Training Data Quality and Quantity","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2973372147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/waspaa.2019.8937170","mag":"2973372147"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/waspaa.2019.8937170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/waspaa.2019.8937170","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics (WASPAA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.08494","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023355857","display_name":"Ethan Manilow","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ethan Manilow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL),Cambridge,MA,USA","[Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge MA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL),Cambridge,MA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge MA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086940921","display_name":"Gordon Wichern","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-6795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gordon Wichern","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL),Cambridge,MA,USA","[Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge MA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL),Cambridge,MA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge MA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023673004","display_name":"Prem Seetharaman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prem Seetharaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University,Interactive Audio Lab,Evanston,IL,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University,Interactive Audio Lab,Evanston,IL,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076453358","display_name":"Jonathan Le Roux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3451-171X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Le Roux","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL),Cambridge,MA,USA","[Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge MA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL),Cambridge,MA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge MA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"45","last_page":"49"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11349","display_name":"Music Technology and Sound Studies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6729152798652649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/midi","display_name":"MIDI","score":0.6068928241729736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.580369234085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-separation","display_name":"Source separation","score":0.5713520646095276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/separation","display_name":"Separation (statistics)","score":0.5292755365371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.5089359283447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrumental-music","display_name":"Instrumental music","score":0.47134754061698914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4274476170539856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.419063001871109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4078938961029053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3898645341396332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/musical","display_name":"Musical","score":0.2049446403980255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1263212263584137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6729152798652649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8112396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80535","display_name":"MIDI","level":2,"score":0.6068928241729736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.580369234085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776864781","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52617913","display_name":"Source separation","level":2,"score":0.5713520646095276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451805","display_name":"Separation (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5292755365371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5089359283447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993931450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639197","display_name":"Instrumental music","level":3,"score":0.47134754061698914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4274476170539856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.419063001871109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4078938961029053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3898645341396332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.2049446403980255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1263212263584137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/waspaa.2019.8937170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/waspaa.2019.8937170","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics (WASPAA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1909.08494","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1909.08494","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.08494","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1909.08494","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1909.08494","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"mag:2973372147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1909.08494","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1909.08494","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.08494","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2973372147.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2973372147.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482149378","https://openalex.org/W1496920063","https://openalex.org/W1539767945","https://openalex.org/W1593276180","https://openalex.org/W2124539664","https://openalex.org/W2213517980","https://openalex.org/W2221409856","https://openalex.org/W2296724634","https://openalex.org/W2406222150","https://openalex.org/W2475687244","https://openalex.org/W2552071709","https://openalex.org/W2669032454","https://openalex.org/W2734443191","https://openalex.org/W2774707525","https://openalex.org/W2808002141","https://openalex.org/W2899260162","https://openalex.org/W2916985722","https://openalex.org/W2938709889","https://openalex.org/W2951535099","https://openalex.org/W2963751183","https://openalex.org/W2963992487","https://openalex.org/W2964058413","https://openalex.org/W3015542311","https://openalex.org/W6635589397","https://openalex.org/W6688229165","https://openalex.org/W6688843265","https://openalex.org/W6697040288","https://openalex.org/W6721020019","https://openalex.org/W6736723571","https://openalex.org/W6740663211","https://openalex.org/W6746914816","https://openalex.org/W6752622914","https://openalex.org/W6766320909","https://openalex.org/W6775477063"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3087994737","https://openalex.org/W3201534836","https://openalex.org/W2526851297","https://openalex.org/W2805533881","https://openalex.org/W3185447076","https://openalex.org/W3188761398","https://openalex.org/W2898091194","https://openalex.org/W3193697390","https://openalex.org/W3042252233","https://openalex.org/W2774918761","https://openalex.org/W3044570901","https://openalex.org/W3120217354","https://openalex.org/W3160969032","https://openalex.org/W3153243387","https://openalex.org/W2899626081","https://openalex.org/W3101941678","https://openalex.org/W3102842959","https://openalex.org/W3202370304","https://openalex.org/W3112756336","https://openalex.org/W2419109273"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Music":[0],"source":[1,73,126],"separation":[2,74,127],"performance":[3,80],"has":[4],"greatly":[5],"improved":[6],"in":[7,30,79,161,191],"recent":[8],"years":[9],"with":[10],"the":[11,31,60,77,95,115,142,186,192,212],"advent":[12],"of":[13,25,33,36,98,131,134,164,180,218],"approaches":[14],"based":[15],"on":[16,157],"deep":[17],"learning.":[18],"Such":[19],"methods":[20],"typically":[21],"require":[22],"large":[23],"amounts":[24],"labelled":[26],"training":[27,91,99],"data,":[28,100],"which":[29],"case":[32],"music":[34,125,220],"consist":[35],"mixtures":[37,136],"and":[38,50,107,137],"corresponding":[39,138],"instrument":[40,208],"stems.":[41],"However,":[42],"stems":[43,139],"are":[44],"unavailable":[45],"for":[46,124,206],"most":[47],"commercial":[48],"music,":[49],"only":[51],"limited":[52,96],"datasets":[53,205],"have":[54],"so":[55],"far":[56],"been":[57],"released":[58],"to":[59,67,93,201,214],"public.":[61],"It":[62],"can":[63,198],"thus":[64],"be":[65,199],"difficult":[66],"draw":[68],"conclusions":[69],"when":[70],"comparing":[71],"various":[72],"methods,":[75],"as":[76,83,101,120],"difference":[78],"may":[81],"stem":[82],"much":[84],"from":[85,102,141],"better":[86,104],"data":[87,183],"augmentation":[88],"techniques":[89],"or":[90],"tricks":[92],"alleviate":[94],"availability":[97],"intrinsically":[103],"model":[105],"architectures":[106],"objective":[108],"functions.":[109],"In":[110],"this":[111,175],"paper,":[112],"we":[113],"present":[114],"synthesized":[116],"Lakh":[117,143],"dataset":[118,145,176,190],"(Slakh)":[119],"a":[121,215],"new":[122],"tool":[123],"research.":[128],"Slakh":[129,197],"consists":[130],"high-quality":[132],"renderings":[133],"instrumental":[135],"generated":[140],"MIDI":[144],"(LMD)":[146],"using":[147],"professional-grade":[148],"sample-based":[149],"virtual":[150],"instruments.":[151],"A":[152],"first":[153],"version,":[154],"Slakh2100,":[155],"focuses":[156],"2100":[158],"songs,":[159],"resulting":[160],"145":[162],"hours":[163],"mixtures.":[165],"While":[166],"not":[167],"fully":[168],"comparable":[169],"because":[170],"it":[171],"is":[172],"purely":[173],"instrumental,":[174],"contains":[177],"an":[178],"order":[179],"magnitude":[181],"more":[182],"than":[184],"MUSDB18,":[185],"de":[187],"facto":[188],"standard":[189],"field.":[193],"We":[194],"show":[195],"that":[196],"used":[200],"effectively":[202],"augment":[203],"existing":[204],"musical":[207],"separation,":[209],"while":[210],"opening":[211],"door":[213],"wide":[216],"array":[217],"data-intensive":[219],"signal":[221],"analysis":[222],"tasks.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}