{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3010102964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv45572.2020.9093609","title":"Multi-way Encoding for Robustness","display_name":"Multi-way Encoding for Robustness","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3010102964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv45572.2020.9093609","mag":"3010102964"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wacv45572.2020.9093609","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv45572.2020.9093609","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100454683","display_name":"Donghyun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7132-4454"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Donghyun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001574028","display_name":"Sarah Adel Bargal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3157-0412"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Adel Bargal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036510129","display_name":"Jianming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9954-6294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306409833","display_name":"Adobe Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059tvcg64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adobe Research"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adobe Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042663603","display_name":"Stan Sclaroff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0711-4313"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stan Sclaroff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston University","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100454683"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1326,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51200164,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1341","last_page":"1349"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7520235776901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7302466630935669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.5882591009140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22056367993354797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.08378729224205017}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7520235776901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7302466630935669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.5882591009140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22056367993354797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.08378729224205017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wacv45572.2020.9093609","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv45572.2020.9093609","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W269471817","https://openalex.org/W1673923490","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2335728318","https://openalex.org/W2408141691","https://openalex.org/W2460937040","https://openalex.org/W2517229335","https://openalex.org/W2570685808","https://openalex.org/W2620038827","https://openalex.org/W2774018344","https://openalex.org/W2786104118","https://openalex.org/W2786118190","https://openalex.org/W2787708942","https://openalex.org/W2791953061","https://openalex.org/W2799900537","https://openalex.org/W2806082141","https://openalex.org/W2884821828","https://openalex.org/W2913848079","https://openalex.org/W2943646750","https://openalex.org/W2949769151","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963060032","https://openalex.org/W2963070423","https://openalex.org/W2963076808","https://openalex.org/W2963143631","https://openalex.org/W2963207607","https://openalex.org/W2963361074","https://openalex.org/W2963744840","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2963920068","https://openalex.org/W2964153729","https://openalex.org/W2964253222","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W4288404646","https://openalex.org/W4288618201","https://openalex.org/W4289744111","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W4300511536","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6703116779","https://openalex.org/W6714069269","https://openalex.org/W6719080892","https://openalex.org/W6726407388","https://openalex.org/W6731927902","https://openalex.org/W6739868092","https://openalex.org/W6746402973","https://openalex.org/W6746608116","https://openalex.org/W6746621119","https://openalex.org/W6747536865","https://openalex.org/W6747920752","https://openalex.org/W6748475379","https://openalex.org/W6748965907","https://openalex.org/W6753552644","https://openalex.org/W6754733991","https://openalex.org/W6757555829","https://openalex.org/W6758975236","https://openalex.org/W6761833289","https://openalex.org/W6763421666","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880","https://openalex.org/W1596801655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"models":[1,22,67],"are":[2,23],"state-of-the-art":[3],"for":[4,76,82,89,117],"many":[5],"computer":[6],"vision":[7],"tasks":[8],"including":[9],"image":[10],"classification":[11],"and":[12,38,62,91,101],"object":[13],"detection.":[14],"However,":[15],"it":[16,73],"has":[17],"been":[18],"shown":[19],"that":[20,50],"deep":[21],"vulnerable":[24],"to":[25,35,78],"adversarial":[26,84],"examples.":[27],"We":[28,48,86],"highlight":[29],"how":[30],"one-hot":[31],"encoding":[32],"directly":[33],"contributes":[34],"this":[36,43],"vulnerability":[37],"propose":[39],"breaking":[40],"away":[41],"from":[42],"widely-used,":[44],"but":[45],"highly-vulnerable":[46],"mapping.":[47],"demonstrate":[49],"by":[51],"leveraging":[52],"a":[53],"different":[54],"output":[55],"encoding,":[56,58],"multi-way":[57],"we":[59],"decorre-late":[60],"source":[61],"target":[63,66],"models,":[64],"making":[65],"more":[68,74],"secure.":[69],"Our":[70],"approach":[71,107],"makes":[72],"difficult":[75],"adversaries":[77],"find":[79],"useful":[80],"gradients":[81],"generating":[83],"attacks.":[85],"present":[87],"robustness":[88],"black-box":[90],"white-box":[92],"attacks":[93],"on":[94],"four":[95],"benchmark":[96],"datasets:":[97],"MNIST,":[98],"CIFAR-10,":[99],"CIFAR-100,":[100],"SVHN.":[102],"The":[103],"strength":[104],"of":[105,114],"our":[106],"is":[108],"also":[109],"presented":[110],"in":[111,122],"the":[112],"form":[113],"an":[115],"attack":[116],"model":[118],"watermarking,":[119],"raising":[120],"challenges":[121],"detecting":[123],"stolen":[124],"models.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}