{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3024127982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv45572.2020.9093566","title":"Combinational Class Activation Maps for Weakly Supervised Object Localization","display_name":"Combinational Class Activation Maps for Weakly Supervised Object Localization","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3024127982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv45572.2020.9093566","mag":"3024127982"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wacv45572.2020.9093566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv45572.2020.9093566","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101643240","display_name":"Seunghan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0411-8407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seunghan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015878311","display_name":"Yoonhyung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5608-8473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoonhyung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101992968","display_name":"Youngeun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9404-6936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngeun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069759184","display_name":"Changick Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9323-8488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changick Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101643240"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2734,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":92,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97891611,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2930","last_page":"2938"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.7430500388145447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.7221741080284119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7113455533981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6131815910339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5424708724021912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5081360340118408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18110176920890808}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.7430500388145447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.7221741080284119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7113455533981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6131815910339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5424708724021912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5081360340118408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18110176920890808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wacv45572.2020.9093566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv45572.2020.9093566","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1797268635","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1899185266","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2118858186","https://openalex.org/W2138011018","https://openalex.org/W2221625691","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2306289963","https://openalex.org/W2600144439","https://openalex.org/W2606520630","https://openalex.org/W2665124875","https://openalex.org/W2776207810","https://openalex.org/W2798122215","https://openalex.org/W2798232928","https://openalex.org/W2798376494","https://openalex.org/W2799124825","https://openalex.org/W2804078698","https://openalex.org/W2810447190","https://openalex.org/W2883554151","https://openalex.org/W2887181327","https://openalex.org/W2894545902","https://openalex.org/W2911846356","https://openalex.org/W2912268344","https://openalex.org/W2913844644","https://openalex.org/W2921676720","https://openalex.org/W2950217418","https://openalex.org/W2952102074","https://openalex.org/W2955058313","https://openalex.org/W2955874753","https://openalex.org/W2962851944","https://openalex.org/W2962925365","https://openalex.org/W2963045696","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W2963319519","https://openalex.org/W2963410274","https://openalex.org/W2963996492","https://openalex.org/W2964274719","https://openalex.org/W2980189057","https://openalex.org/W6638319203","https://openalex.org/W6639204139","https://openalex.org/W6639927594","https://openalex.org/W6677919164","https://openalex.org/W6685133223","https://openalex.org/W6750469568","https://openalex.org/W6752378368","https://openalex.org/W6754907237","https://openalex.org/W6758681311"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3162204513","https://openalex.org/W2371138613","https://openalex.org/W2048963458","https://openalex.org/W43109613","https://openalex.org/W2359952343","https://openalex.org/W2080152487","https://openalex.org/W2239445980","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336","https://openalex.org/W2975200075"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Weakly":[0],"supervised":[1],"object":[2,120,157],"localization":[3,158],"has":[4,173],"recently":[5],"attracted":[6],"attention":[7],"since":[8],"it":[9],"aims":[10],"to":[11,32,65,85,99,113,152],"identify":[12],"both":[13,133],"class":[14,46,71,144],"labels":[15],"and":[16,135,163],"locations":[17],"of":[18,42,79,177],"objects":[19,103],"by":[20,179],"using":[21,91],"image-level":[22],"labels.":[23],"Most":[24],"previous":[25,153],"methods":[26,154],"utilize":[27],"the":[28,33,43,83,86,110,170],"activation":[29,35,40,67,72,80,145],"map":[30,41],"corresponding":[31],"highest":[34,44,84],"source.":[36],"Exploiting":[37],"only":[38],"one":[39],"probability":[45,88],"is":[47],"often":[48],"biased":[49],"into":[50,127],"limited":[51],"regions":[52,98],"or":[53],"sometimes":[54],"even":[55],"highlights":[56],"background":[57,97],"regions.":[58,121],"To":[59],"resolve":[60],"these":[61],"limitations,":[62],"we":[63,95,108,123,167],"propose":[64],"use":[66],"maps,":[68],"named":[69,141],"combinational":[70,143],"maps":[73,81,146],"(CCAM),":[74],"which":[75],"are":[76],"linear":[77],"combinations":[78],"from":[82],"lowest":[87],"class.":[89],"By":[90],"CCAM":[92],"for":[93,117],"localization,":[94],"suppress":[96],"help":[100],"highlighting":[101],"foreground":[102],"more":[104],"accurately.":[105],"In":[106],"addition,":[107],"design":[109],"network":[111,131],"architecture":[112],"consider":[114],"spatial":[115],"relationships":[116],"localizing":[118],"relevant":[119],"Specifically,":[122],"integrate":[124],"non-local":[125,142],"modules":[126],"an":[128],"existing":[129],"base":[130],"at":[132],"low-":[134],"high-level":[136],"layers.":[137],"Our":[138],"final":[139],"model,":[140],"(NL-CCAM),":[147],"obtains":[148],"superior":[149],"performance":[150],"compared":[151],"on":[155],"representative":[156],"benchmarks":[159],"including":[160],"ILSVRC":[161],"2016":[162],"CUB-":[164],"200-2011.":[165],"Furthermore,":[166],"show":[168],"that":[169],"proposed":[171],"method":[172],"a":[174],"great":[175],"capability":[176],"generalization":[178],"visualizing":[180],"other":[181],"datasets.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T06:02:25.137627","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}