{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3024900742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv45572.2020.9093313","title":"Relativistic Discriminator: A One-Class Classifier for Generalized Iris Presentation Attack Detection","display_name":"Relativistic Discriminator: A One-Class Classifier for Generalized Iris Presentation Attack Detection","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3024900742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv45572.2020.9093313","mag":"3024900742"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wacv45572.2020.9093313","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv45572.2020.9093313","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026546120","display_name":"Shivangi Yadav","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6490-5931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shivangi Yadav","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072508861","display_name":"Cunjian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2926-9762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cunjian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061834795","display_name":"Arun Ross","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8850-3013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arun Ross","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026546120"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1215,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87774852,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2624","last_page":"2633"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9725000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10751","display_name":"Forensic and Genetic Research","score":0.9610000252723694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.986273467540741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7102514505386353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7064671516418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6173700094223022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5536438822746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5233815908432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.47363725304603577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07866591215133667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.986273467540741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7102514505386353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7064671516418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6173700094223022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5536438822746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5233815908432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.47363725304603577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07866591215133667}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wacv45572.2020.9093313","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv45572.2020.9093313","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1608431272","https://openalex.org/W1879242765","https://openalex.org/W1992358283","https://openalex.org/W2004211009","https://openalex.org/W2013988101","https://openalex.org/W2022596562","https://openalex.org/W2024178148","https://openalex.org/W2027539209","https://openalex.org/W2043689880","https://openalex.org/W2055683887","https://openalex.org/W2065059212","https://openalex.org/W2083231836","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2136975665","https://openalex.org/W2541326295","https://openalex.org/W2563133041","https://openalex.org/W2575969892","https://openalex.org/W2593414223","https://openalex.org/W2599354622","https://openalex.org/W2627044814","https://openalex.org/W2739748921","https://openalex.org/W2764067741","https://openalex.org/W2778540638","https://openalex.org/W2782980316","https://openalex.org/W2787293095","https://openalex.org/W2798526793","https://openalex.org/W2810518847","https://openalex.org/W2884974918","https://openalex.org/W2941676698","https://openalex.org/W2964121592","https://openalex.org/W2964193438","https://openalex.org/W2964253184","https://openalex.org/W2969411844","https://openalex.org/W3005797878","https://openalex.org/W3006433045","https://openalex.org/W3006641690","https://openalex.org/W3101824741","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6636312634","https://openalex.org/W6683590716","https://openalex.org/W6741832134","https://openalex.org/W6747733185"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293202849","https://openalex.org/W1980965563","https://openalex.org/W1489300767","https://openalex.org/W2387995142","https://openalex.org/W4380714744","https://openalex.org/W4319453655","https://openalex.org/W2089959425","https://openalex.org/W2596763562","https://openalex.org/W2964218010","https://openalex.org/W2808862658"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Iris":[0],"based":[1],"recognition":[2],"systems":[3],"are":[4,42],"vulnerable":[5],"to":[6,25,36,44,70,101,131,160],"presentation":[7,58],"attacks":[8],"(PAs)":[9],"where":[10],"artifacts":[11],"such":[12,38,84],"as":[13,161,171],"cosmetic":[14],"contact":[15],"lenses,":[16],"artificial":[17],"eyes":[18,21],"and":[19,76,135,157],"printed":[20],"can":[22],"be":[23],"used":[24],"fool":[26],"the":[27,93,99,104,119,148,166,169],"system.":[28],"While":[29],"many":[30],"learning-based":[31],"algorithms":[32],"have":[33],"been":[34,129],"proposed":[35],"detect":[37],"attacks,":[39],"very":[40],"few":[41],"equipped":[43],"handle":[45],"previously":[46],"unseen":[47],"or":[48],"newly":[49],"constructed":[50],"PAs.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53],"research,":[54],"we":[55,117],"propose":[56],"a":[57,65,85,89,172],"attack":[59],"detection":[60,156],"(PAD)":[61],"method":[62],"that":[63,67,83,127],"utilizes":[64],"discriminator":[66,86,100,144],"is":[68,151,158],"trained":[69,149],"distinguish":[71],"between":[72],"bonafide":[73,94,105],"iris":[74,79],"images":[75,138],"synthetically":[77],"generated":[78],"images.":[80],"We":[81],"hypothesize":[82],"will":[87],"generate":[88,132],"tight":[90],"boundary":[91],"around":[92],"samples.":[95,112],"This":[96],"would":[97],"allow":[98],"better":[102,136],"separate":[103],"samples":[106],"from":[107],"all":[108],"types":[109],"of":[110,147,168],"PA":[111,155],"For":[113],"generating":[114],"synthetic":[115],"irides,":[116],"train":[118],"Relativistic":[120],"Average":[121],"Standard":[122],"Generative":[123],"Adversarial":[124],"Network":[125],"(RaSGAN)":[126],"has":[128],"shown":[130],"higher":[133],"resolution":[134],"quality":[137],"than":[139],"standard":[140],"GANs.":[141],"The":[142],"relativistic":[143],"(RD)":[145],"component":[146],"RaS-GAN":[150],"then":[152],"appropriated":[153],"for":[154],"referred":[159],"RD-PAD.":[162],"Experimental":[163],"results":[164],"convey":[165],"efficacy":[167],"RD-PAD":[170],"one-class":[173],"anomaly":[174],"detector.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}