{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2399428441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2016.7477704","title":"Video summarization for remote invigilation of online exams","display_name":"Video summarization for remote invigilation of online exams","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2399428441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2016.7477704","mag":"2399428441"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wacv.2016.7477704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2016.7477704","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033597391","display_name":"Melissa Cote","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5594-977X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melissa Cote","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013119422","display_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Jean","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-076X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederic Jean","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036029722","display_name":"Alexandra Branzan Albu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8991-0999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandra Branzan Albu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014807583","display_name":"David W. Capson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6981-780X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Capson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8451,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80076685,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-summarization","display_name":"Automatic summarization","score":0.9191365242004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8167275190353394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.5119260549545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.47409021854400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-video","display_name":"Online video","score":0.43513229489326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.423301100730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3498580753803253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3446349501609802}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170858558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394144","display_name":"Automatic summarization","level":2,"score":0.9191365242004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8167275190353394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.5119260549545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.47409021854400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988167200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16885149","display_name":"Online video","level":2,"score":0.43513229489326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.423301100730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3498580753803253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3446349501609802}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wacv.2016.7477704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2016.7477704","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13112433","https://openalex.org/W1604456368","https://openalex.org/W1983705368","https://openalex.org/W2026418062","https://openalex.org/W2045251362","https://openalex.org/W2094998392","https://openalex.org/W2102257894","https://openalex.org/W2112680570","https://openalex.org/W2112886747","https://openalex.org/W2124658620","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2131052232","https://openalex.org/W2140345984","https://openalex.org/W2141425367","https://openalex.org/W2149382413","https://openalex.org/W2160337655","https://openalex.org/W2185846312","https://openalex.org/W2609368950","https://openalex.org/W2763883811","https://openalex.org/W2891858737","https://openalex.org/W4235572181","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6635971436","https://openalex.org/W6680911227","https://openalex.org/W6686465702","https://openalex.org/W6737330774","https://openalex.org/W6745282373","https://openalex.org/W6754785923"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366403280","https://openalex.org/W1495108544","https://openalex.org/W2091301346","https://openalex.org/W3148229873","https://openalex.org/W2150160875","https://openalex.org/W4242223894","https://openalex.org/W1517524280","https://openalex.org/W4323520239","https://openalex.org/W4389760904","https://openalex.org/W4306886878"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"focuses":[2],"on":[3,42],"video":[4,44,81,90],"summarization":[5],"of":[6,12,36,60,89,92,131,142],"abnormal":[7,108,132],"behavior":[8,110],"for":[9,85,155],"remote":[10,50,53,97,157],"invigilation":[11,46,54],"online":[13,27,37,93],"exams.":[14],"While":[15],"the":[16,34,58,86,140,143],"last":[17],"decade":[18],"has":[19],"seen":[20],"a":[21,49,77,117],"massive":[22],"increase":[23],"in":[24,57,99],"e-learning":[25],"and":[26,68,107,116,138],"courses":[28],"offered":[29],"at":[30,66],"postsecondary":[31],"institutions,":[32],"preserving":[33],"integrity":[35],"examinations":[38],"still":[39],"heavily":[40],"relies":[41],"web":[43],"conference":[45],"performed":[47],"by":[48],"proctor.":[51],"Live":[52],"is":[55,72],"limited":[56],"number":[59],"students":[61],"that":[62],"can":[63],"be":[64,149],"handled":[65],"once,":[67],"manual":[69],"post-exam":[70,100],"review":[71],"labor":[73],"intensive.":[74],"We":[75],"propose":[76],"novel":[78],"computer":[79],"vision-based":[80],"content":[82],"analysis":[83],"system":[84],"automatic":[87],"creation":[88],"summaries":[91,125],"exams":[94],"to":[95,151],"assist":[96],"proctors":[98],"reviews.":[101],"The":[102],"proposed":[103,144],"method":[104],"models":[105],"normal":[106],"student":[109],"patterns":[111],"using":[112],"head":[113],"pose":[114],"estimations":[115],"semantically":[118],"meaningful":[119],"two-state":[120],"hidden":[121],"Markov":[122],"model.":[123],"Video":[124],"are":[126,136],"created":[127],"from":[128],"detected":[129],"sequences":[130],"behavior.":[133],"Experimental":[134],"results":[135],"promising":[137],"demonstrate":[139],"viability":[141],"approach,":[145],"which":[146],"could":[147],"readily":[148],"expanded":[150],"generate":[152],"real-time":[153],"alerts":[154],"live":[156],"invigilation.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}