{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2026401411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2014.6835989","title":"Exploring the geo-dependence of human face appearance","display_name":"Exploring the geo-dependence of human face appearance","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2026401411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2014.6835989","mag":"2026401411"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wacv.2014.6835989","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2014.6835989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918690","display_name":"IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision","issn_l":"2472-6737","issn":["2472-6737"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100748845","display_name":"Mohammad Tariqul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1226-3986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad T. Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, University of Kentucky","[Computer Science, University of Kentucky, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, University of Kentucky","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Computer Science, University of Kentucky, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001886403","display_name":"Scott Workman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Workman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, University of Kentucky","[Computer Science, University of Kentucky, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, University of Kentucky","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Computer Science, University of Kentucky, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002406417","display_name":"Hui Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7906-5170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, UNC Charlotte","Computer Science, UNC-Charlotte, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, UNC Charlotte","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, UNC-Charlotte, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029557305","display_name":"Nathan Jacobs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4242-8967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathan Jacobs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, UNC Charlotte","Computer Science, UNC-Charlotte, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, UNC Charlotte","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, UNC-Charlotte, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057374067","display_name":"Richard Souvenir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6066-0946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Souvenir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, University of Kentucky","[Computer Science, University of Kentucky, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, University of Kentucky","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Computer Science, University of Kentucky, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2534,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85739323,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1042","last_page":"1049"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11118","display_name":"Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior","score":0.9692999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigenface","display_name":"Eigenface","score":0.8919671773910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.7418683171272278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6992905139923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.605004608631134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6044411063194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.589949369430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homogeneous","display_name":"Homogeneous","score":0.5340081453323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5322301983833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-appearance-model","display_name":"Active appearance model","score":0.47377586364746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.4210033416748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33336779475212097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3329398036003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.27503979206085205}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104906051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29695","display_name":"Eigenface","level":4,"score":0.8919671773910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.7418683171272278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6992905139923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.605004608631134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6044411063194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.589949369430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66882249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169336","display_name":"Homogeneous","level":2,"score":0.5340081453323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5322301983833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83248878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q344000","display_name":"Active appearance model","level":3,"score":0.47377586364746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.4210033416748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33336779475212097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3329398036003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.27503979206085205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wacv.2014.6835989","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2014.6835989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918690","display_name":"IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision","issn_l":"2472-6737","issn":["2472-6737"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.678.9662","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.678.9662","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cs.uky.edu/%7Ejacobs/papers/islam2014faces.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W182571476","https://openalex.org/W1522423740","https://openalex.org/W1554085250","https://openalex.org/W1576445103","https://openalex.org/W1596737352","https://openalex.org/W1966633684","https://openalex.org/W1980216075","https://openalex.org/W1998157698","https://openalex.org/W2015268479","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2033419168","https://openalex.org/W2046352066","https://openalex.org/W2047389622","https://openalex.org/W2055132753","https://openalex.org/W2103163130","https://openalex.org/W2103388840","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2110764733","https://openalex.org/W2121348293","https://openalex.org/W2121880036","https://openalex.org/W2126265738","https://openalex.org/W2138388642","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2142889507","https://openalex.org/W2145607950","https://openalex.org/W2157285372","https://openalex.org/W2160110230","https://openalex.org/W2537480791","https://openalex.org/W4239072543","https://openalex.org/W6607458078","https://openalex.org/W6634343353","https://openalex.org/W6635591570","https://openalex.org/W6662188092","https://openalex.org/W6676297131","https://openalex.org/W6681249963"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3147241817","https://openalex.org/W2052589448","https://openalex.org/W4385524893","https://openalex.org/W2765337000","https://openalex.org/W2181749222","https://openalex.org/W3160911891","https://openalex.org/W3104072235","https://openalex.org/W2779406006","https://openalex.org/W2797230162","https://openalex.org/W2116423617"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,60,84],"expected":[1],"appearance":[2,27,82],"of":[3,25,41,49,78],"a":[4,38],"human":[5],"face":[6,43,81],"depends":[7],"strongly":[8],"on":[9,28],"age,":[10],"ethnicity":[11],"and":[12,51],"gender.":[13],"While":[14],"these":[15],"relationships":[16],"are":[17],"well-studied,":[18],"our":[19],"work":[20],"explores":[21],"the":[22,47,75],"little-studied":[23],"dependence":[24],"facial":[26,99],"geographic":[29],"location.":[30],"To":[31],"support":[32],"this":[33],"effort,":[34],"we":[35],"constructed":[36],"GeoFaces,":[37],"large":[39],"dataset":[40],"geotagged":[42],"images.":[44],"We":[45],"examine":[46],"geo-dependence":[48],"Eigenfaces":[50],"use":[52],"two":[53],"supervised":[54],"methods":[55],"for":[56],"extracting":[57],"geo-informative":[58],"features.":[59],"first,":[61],"canonical":[62],"correlation":[63],"analysis,":[64,88],"is":[65,89],"used":[66,90],"to":[67,91],"find":[68,92],"location-dependent":[69],"component":[70],"images":[71],"as":[72,74],"well":[73],"spatial":[76],"direction":[77],"most":[79],"significant":[80],"change.":[83],"second,":[85],"linear":[86],"discriminant":[87],"countries":[93],"with":[94],"relatively":[95],"homogeneous,":[96],"yet":[97],"distinctive,":[98],"appearance.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
