{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2071502922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2013.6474993","title":"Are you using the right approximate nearest neighbor algorithm?","display_name":"Are you using the right approximate nearest neighbor algorithm?","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2071502922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2013.6474993","mag":"2071502922"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wacv.2013.6474993","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2013.6474993","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111573770","display_name":"Stephen O\u2032Hara","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen O'Hara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024491677","display_name":"Bruce A. Draper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-541X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce A. Draper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111573770"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7216,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91640381,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"9","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9775999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors-algorithm","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","score":0.7011548280715942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6818403601646423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.6726410388946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6619514226913452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nearest-neighbor-search","display_name":"Nearest neighbor search","score":0.651515543460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.5731679797172546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-retrieval","display_name":"Image retrieval","score":0.4822460114955902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.47516554594039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4729352295398712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.4535830616950989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43085581064224243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38906407356262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.23344513773918152}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113238511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071612","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","level":2,"score":0.7011548280715942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6818403601646423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.6726410388946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6619514226913452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116738811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q608751","display_name":"Nearest neighbor search","level":2,"score":0.651515543460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.5731679797172546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1667742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927554","display_name":"Image retrieval","level":3,"score":0.4822460114955902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.47516554594039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4729352295398712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.4535830616950989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43085581064224243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38906407356262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.23344513773918152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wacv.2013.6474993","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2013.6474993","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502916507","https://openalex.org/W1627400044","https://openalex.org/W2024668293","https://openalex.org/W2038044292","https://openalex.org/W2049644877","https://openalex.org/W2066941820","https://openalex.org/W2096077837","https://openalex.org/W2097921974","https://openalex.org/W2099253838","https://openalex.org/W2104170135","https://openalex.org/W2124404372","https://openalex.org/W2128017662","https://openalex.org/W2131846894","https://openalex.org/W2141362318","https://openalex.org/W2157092487","https://openalex.org/W2170605888","https://openalex.org/W2427881153","https://openalex.org/W2768066693","https://openalex.org/W6629956336","https://openalex.org/W6636759986","https://openalex.org/W6674878074","https://openalex.org/W6682969285","https://openalex.org/W6684723771"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2148008870","https://openalex.org/W2381195555","https://openalex.org/W4246757943","https://openalex.org/W2368606575","https://openalex.org/W1949910768","https://openalex.org/W2375795576","https://openalex.org/W2132753198","https://openalex.org/W2369874856","https://openalex.org/W2182477562","https://openalex.org/W2792185758"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"computer":[1,60],"vision":[2,61],"tasks":[3],"such":[4],"as":[5],"large-scale":[6],"image":[7],"retrieval":[8,29],"and":[9,43,106,121,146],"nearest-neighbor":[10],"classification":[11],"perform":[12],"similarity":[13],"searches":[14],"using":[15],"Approximate":[16],"Nearest":[17],"Neighbor":[18],"(ANN)":[19],"indexes.":[20],"These":[21],"applications":[22],"rely":[23],"on":[24,88,110],"the":[25,82,122,128,142],"quality":[26],"of":[27,40,49,91,100,124,154],"ANN":[28,36,70],"for":[30,35,114],"success.":[31],"Popular":[32],"indexing":[33,71],"methods":[34,52],"queries":[37],"include":[38],"forests":[39,99],"kd-trees":[41],"(KDT)":[42],"hierarchical":[44],"k-means":[45],"(HKM).":[46],"The":[47],"dominance":[48],"these":[50],"two":[51],"has":[53],"led":[54],"to":[55,67,135,141,150],"implementations":[56],"in":[57,139],"many":[58],"popular":[59],"tool":[62],"kits,":[63],"perhaps":[64],"leading":[65],"some":[66],"assume":[68],"that":[69,98],"is":[72,86],"a":[73,79,89,151],"solved":[74],"problem.":[75],"This":[76],"paper":[77],"introduces":[78],"new":[80],"method,":[81],"Proximity":[83],"Forest,":[84],"which":[85],"based":[87],"forest":[90],"randomized":[92],"metric":[93,101,131],"trees.":[94],"We":[95],"present":[96],"evidence":[97],"trees":[102,132],"significantly":[103],"outperform":[104],"KDT":[105],"HKM":[107],"when":[108],"evaluated":[109],"real-world":[111],"data,":[112],"controlling":[113],"dimensionality,":[115],"data":[116,155],"set":[117],"size,":[118],"distance":[119,144],"function,":[120,145],"number":[123],"neighbors":[125],"returned":[126],"by":[127],"query.":[129],"Randomized":[130],"are":[133,137],"simple":[134],"implement,":[136],"generic":[138],"regards":[140],"chosen":[143],"can":[147],"be":[148],"applied":[149],"wider":[152],"class":[153],"representations.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}