{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2114687015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2009.5403128","title":"Extensive articulated human detection by voting Cluster Boosted Tree","display_name":"Extensive articulated human detection by voting Cluster Boosted Tree","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2114687015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2009.5403128","mag":"2114687015"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wacv.2009.5403128","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2009.5403128","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040395839","display_name":"Bo Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8929-8365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","University of Southern California, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Los Angeles, 90089, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Los Angeles, 90089, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087351521","display_name":"Chang Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8621-4581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","University of Southern California, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Los Angeles, 90089, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Los Angeles, 90089, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080385311","display_name":"Ram Nevatia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ram Nevatia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","University of Southern California, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Los Angeles, 90089, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Los Angeles, 90089, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040395839"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6561,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72355516,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7776039838790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian-detection","display_name":"Pedestrian detection","score":0.6254883408546448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6209787726402283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.6079120635986328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6044771075248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.5811668038368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5443766117095947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5418198704719543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.49099376797676086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4878716468811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.4439695477485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.4138900637626648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.41306599974632263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14034083485603333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7776039838790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780156472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2355550","display_name":"Pedestrian detection","level":3,"score":0.6254883408546448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6209787726402283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.6079120635986328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6044771075248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.5811668038368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5443766117095947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5418198704719543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.49099376797676086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4878716468811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.4439695477485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.4138900637626648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41306599974632263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14034083485603333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wacv.2009.5403128","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2009.5403128","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.309.7877","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.309.7877","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://iris.usc.edu/Outlines/papers/2009/yang-huang-nevatia-wacv09.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1529681343","https://openalex.org/W1536943225","https://openalex.org/W1559083155","https://openalex.org/W1608462934","https://openalex.org/W1987118352","https://openalex.org/W1992825118","https://openalex.org/W2032210760","https://openalex.org/W2083342768","https://openalex.org/W2098999879","https://openalex.org/W2107775979","https://openalex.org/W2111309546","https://openalex.org/W2111617188","https://openalex.org/W2117203466","https://openalex.org/W2131263044","https://openalex.org/W2146514558","https://openalex.org/W2151525117","https://openalex.org/W2156594793","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2167765625","https://openalex.org/W2169671170","https://openalex.org/W2169696215","https://openalex.org/W2172043283","https://openalex.org/W4244952642","https://openalex.org/W4247356340","https://openalex.org/W6631539407","https://openalex.org/W6632204412","https://openalex.org/W6633513350","https://openalex.org/W6637369200","https://openalex.org/W6681670809","https://openalex.org/W6682452017","https://openalex.org/W6684492914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2972620127","https://openalex.org/W2981141433","https://openalex.org/W2802018156","https://openalex.org/W4313315626","https://openalex.org/W1603713238","https://openalex.org/W2101531944","https://openalex.org/W2922437833","https://openalex.org/W2100052226","https://openalex.org/W4312696271","https://openalex.org/W2933098581"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Our":[0],"goal":[1],"is":[2,30,113],"to":[3,80,130,138,159,172],"detect":[4],"people":[5],"in":[6,17,94,122,164],"highly":[7],"articulated":[8,70],"poses,":[9],"including":[10],"bending,":[11],"crouching,":[12],"etc.":[13],"Such":[14],"formidable":[15],"diversity":[16],"human":[18,200],"poses":[19],"makes":[20],"detection":[21,201],"much":[22],"more":[23],"difficult":[24],"than":[25],"for":[26,34,54,96,181],"pedestrian":[27],"poses.":[28],"\u00bfDivide-and-conquer\u00bf":[29],"a":[31,59,84,119,140,144,179],"favorable":[32],"strategy":[33],"detecting":[35],"objects":[36],"with":[37,198],"large":[38,161],"intra":[39],"class":[40],"variations,":[41],"which":[42,64,123],"splits":[43],"object":[44],"instances":[45],"into":[46],"several":[47],"subcategories":[48],"and":[49,134,176,203],"trains":[50],"relatively":[51],"simple":[52,91],"classifiers":[53],"each":[55,131,182],"sub-category.":[56],"We":[57,72,147,184],"propose":[58],"novel":[60],"sample":[61,97,127],"split":[62,85],"method,":[63],"benefits":[65,208],"the":[66,74,90,104,108,209],"learning":[67,210],"results":[68,211],"of":[69],"humans.":[71],"adopt":[73],"cluster":[75,154,169],"boosted":[76,155],"tree":[77,156],"(CBT)":[78],"structure":[79],"automatically":[81],"decide":[82],"when":[83],"should":[86],"be":[87],"triggered.":[88],"Unlike":[89],"k-means":[92],"used":[93],"CBT":[95],"split,":[98],"our":[99,149,206],"approach":[100,207],"aims":[101],"at":[102],"minimizing":[103],"training":[105,150,165,214],"loss":[106],"after":[107],"split.":[109],"Since":[110],"this":[111],"minimization":[112],"an":[114,186],"NP-hard":[115],"problem,":[116],"we":[117,124,167],"design":[118],"heuristic":[120],"algorithm,":[121],"find":[125],"optimal":[126],"divisions":[128],"according":[129,171],"single":[132],"feature,":[133],"then":[135,177],"make":[136],"compromises":[137],"get":[139],"final":[141],"division":[142],"by":[143,212],"voting-like":[145],"process.":[146],"name":[148],"method":[151],"as":[152],"voting":[153],"(VCBT).":[157],"Furthermore,":[158],"avoid":[160],"background":[162],"area":[163],"samples,":[166],"first":[168],"samples":[170],"their":[173],"width/height":[174],"ratios,":[175],"train":[178],"VCBT":[180],"subset.":[183],"conduct":[185],"experiment":[187],"on":[188],"17":[189],"infrared":[190],"surveillance":[191],"video":[192],"clips,":[193],"report":[194],"superior":[195],"performance":[196],"compared":[197],"previous":[199],"methods,":[202],"show":[204],"how":[205],"reducing":[213],"loss.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
