{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2117204356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2009.5403119","title":"Stable text line detection","display_name":"Stable text line detection","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2117204356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2009.5403119","mag":"2117204356"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wacv.2009.5403119","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2009.5403119","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10216/70320","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013827007","display_name":"Jaime S. Cardoso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3760-2473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125590","display_name":"Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers","ror":"https://ror.org/033wn8m60","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jaime S. Cardoso","raw_affiliation_strings":["INESC Porto, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal","[INESC PORTO, FACULDADE DE ENGENHARIA, Universidade do Porto, Portugal]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC Porto, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[INESC PORTO, FACULDADE DE ENGENHARIA, Universidade do Porto, Portugal]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013827007"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6561,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72484457,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.7922042608261108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7242035269737244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6863338947296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6325583457946777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.6170615553855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curvature","display_name":"Curvature","score":0.5554125905036926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5479320883750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-recognition","display_name":"Text recognition","score":0.5389261245727539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5324441194534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5054662227630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curvilinear-coordinates","display_name":"Curvilinear coordinates","score":0.47851884365081787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.45770666003227234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-character-recognition","display_name":"Optical character recognition","score":0.4469708502292633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4272415339946747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.425981342792511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/document-image-processing","display_name":"Document image processing","score":0.41782766580581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3619074821472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3326825201511383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.2610260248184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11574560403823853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.0691145658493042}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.7922042608261108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7242035269737244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6863338947296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6325583457946777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.6170615553855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195065555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881","display_name":"Curvature","level":2,"score":0.5554125905036926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5479320883750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983812711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Text recognition","level":3,"score":0.5389261245727539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5324441194534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5054662227630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98343798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790208","display_name":"Curvilinear coordinates","level":2,"score":0.47851884365081787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.45770666003227234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546480517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Optical character recognition","level":3,"score":0.4469708502292633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4272415339946747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.425981342792511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988504005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379942","display_name":"Document image processing","level":4,"score":0.41782766580581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3619074821472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3326825201511383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2610260248184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11574560403823853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0691145658493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wacv.2009.5403119","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2009.5403119","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio-aberto.up.pt:10216/70286","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10216/70286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2f33"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio-aberto.up.pt:10216/70320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10216/70320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401934","display_name":"Open Repository of the University of Porto (University of Porto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","host_organization_name":"Universidade do Porto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.inesctec.pt:123456789/1736","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://repositorio.inesctec.pt/handle/123456789/1736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conference object"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio-aberto.up.pt:10216/70320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10216/70320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401934","display_name":"Open Repository of the University of Porto (University of Porto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","host_organization_name":"Universidade do Porto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"book"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6299983296","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PTDC/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593648800","https://openalex.org/W1982907973","https://openalex.org/W2018377917","https://openalex.org/W2024077020","https://openalex.org/W2090914336","https://openalex.org/W2133817227","https://openalex.org/W2163237111","https://openalex.org/W3098821875","https://openalex.org/W3137241515","https://openalex.org/W4248476471","https://openalex.org/W6635528665"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3163712264","https://openalex.org/W4327773476","https://openalex.org/W4306707571","https://openalex.org/W4366502683","https://openalex.org/W3179897446","https://openalex.org/W2970150031","https://openalex.org/W2135329887","https://openalex.org/W2168504305","https://openalex.org/W2765494394","https://openalex.org/W2888746867"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Text":[0],"line":[1],"segmentation":[2,81],"in":[3],"freestyle":[4],"handwritten":[5,72],"documents":[6],"remains":[7],"an":[8],"open":[9],"document":[10],"analysis":[11],"problem.":[12],"Curvilinear":[13],"text":[14,21,45],"lines":[15,22,46],"and":[16,57],"small":[17],"gaps":[18],"between":[19],"neighbouring":[20],"present":[23],"a":[24,36,49,68],"challenge":[25],"to":[26],"algorithms":[27],"developed":[28],"for":[29,40],"machine-printed":[30],"or":[31],"hand-printed":[32],"documents.":[33],"We":[34],"investigate":[35],"general-purpose,":[37],"knowledge-free":[38],"method":[39],"the":[41,77],"automatic":[42],"detection":[43],"of":[44,71],"based":[47],"on":[48,67,76],"stable":[50],"path":[51],"approach.":[52],"Lines":[53],"affected":[54],"by":[55],"curvature":[56],"inclination":[58],"are":[59],"robustly":[60],"detected.":[61],"The":[62],"proposed":[63],"methodology":[64],"was":[65],"tested":[66],"modern":[69],"set":[70],"images":[73],"made":[74],"available":[75],"ICDAR":[78],"2009":[79],"handwriting":[80],"competition,":[82],"with":[83],"promissing":[84],"results.":[85]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
