{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2165609441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2009.5403091","title":"Interactive degraded document binarization: An example (and case) for interactive computer vision","display_name":"Interactive degraded document binarization: An example (and case) for interactive computer vision","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2165609441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2009.5403091","mag":"2165609441"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wacv.2009.5403091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2009.5403091","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113582906","display_name":"Zheng Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001288130","display_name":"Zheng Yi Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4690-7403"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075135613","display_name":"Michael S. Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6357-2562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael S. Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113582906"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3236,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64645797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.8805264234542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8432008624076843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.7593153119087219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5620842576026917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markup-language","display_name":"Markup language","score":0.560042142868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-modeling","display_name":"User modeling","score":0.49109745025634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4816786050796509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.46028250455856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3499682545661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.331294447183609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32029247283935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface","display_name":"User interface","score":0.2422446608543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xml","display_name":"XML","score":0.11092862486839294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1048831045627594}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.8805264234542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8432008624076843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.7593153119087219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5620842576026917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37045","display_name":"Markup language","level":3,"score":0.560042142868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67712803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7901853","display_name":"User modeling","level":3,"score":0.49109745025634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4816786050796509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46028250455856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3499682545661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.331294447183609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32029247283935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.2422446608543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8797682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2115","display_name":"XML","level":2,"score":0.11092862486839294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1048831045627594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wacv.2009.5403091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2009.5403091","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/40962","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/40962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1600276254","https://openalex.org/W1651266332","https://openalex.org/W2103917701","https://openalex.org/W2113137767","https://openalex.org/W2124351162","https://openalex.org/W2127319406","https://openalex.org/W2128060444","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2140789035","https://openalex.org/W2140849072","https://openalex.org/W2156821767","https://openalex.org/W2293703294","https://openalex.org/W2294819727","https://openalex.org/W2295936755","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W4205687621","https://openalex.org/W4248635988","https://openalex.org/W6675705777","https://openalex.org/W6680866351"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W2536018345","https://openalex.org/W4312814274","https://openalex.org/W4285370786","https://openalex.org/W2952127465","https://openalex.org/W2164628286","https://openalex.org/W2028276520"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"a":[3],"user-assisted":[4,120],"application":[5,94,121],"to":[6,22,31,36,54,108,131,135,150],"perform":[7,32],"adaptive":[8,18],"thresholding":[9,19],"(i.e.":[10],"binarization)":[11],"on":[12,144],"degraded":[13],"handwritten":[14],"documents.":[15],"While":[16,113],"existing":[17,105],"techniques":[20],"purport":[21],"be":[23,148],"automatic,":[24],"they":[25],"in":[26,58],"fact":[27],"require":[28],"the":[29,45,50,59,88,109,133],"user":[30,51,81,153],"non-intuitive":[33],"parameter":[34,76,96,145],"tuning":[35,77],"obtain":[37],"satisfactory":[38],"results.":[39,65],"In":[40],"our":[41,93,99,114],"work,":[42],"we":[43,125],"recast":[44],"problem":[46],"into":[47],"one":[48],"where":[49],"needs":[52],"only":[53,86],"coarsely":[55],"markup":[56],"regions":[57,67],"thresholded":[60],"image":[61],"that":[62,84],"have":[63],"unsatisfactory":[64],"These":[66],"are":[68,102],"then":[69],"segmented":[70],"and":[71],"processed":[72],"locally":[73],"-":[74],"no":[75],"is":[78,117],"necessary.":[79],"Our":[80],"study":[82],"shows":[83],"not":[85],"do":[87],"majority":[89],"of":[90],"users":[91],"prefer":[92],"over":[95],"tuning,":[97,146],"but":[98],"final":[100],"results":[101],"better":[103],"than":[104],"algorithms":[106],"due":[107],"more":[110],"targeted":[111],"processing.":[112],"main":[115],"contribution":[116],"an":[118,129],"effective":[119],"for":[122],"document":[123],"binarization,":[124],"use":[126],"this":[127],"as":[128],"example":[130],"advocate":[132],"need":[134],"rethink":[136],"how":[137],"many":[138],"computer":[139],"vision":[140],"solutions,":[141],"notoriously":[142],"reliant":[143],"can":[147],"reworked":[149],"exploit":[151],"meaningful":[152],"interaction.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
