{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4282963285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vts52500.2021.9794194","title":"Special Session: On the Reliability of Conventional and Quantum Neural Network Hardware","display_name":"Special Session: On the Reliability of Conventional and Quantum Neural Network Hardware","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4282963285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vts52500.2021.9794194"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vts52500.2021.9794194","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vts52500.2021.9794194","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 40th VLSI Test Symposium (VTS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036369307","display_name":"Mehdi Sadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0468-7810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Sadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Auburn University,Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering,Auburn,AL,USA","Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Auburn University,Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering,Auburn,AL,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100702362","display_name":"Yi He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7206-4845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi He","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago,Department of Computer Science,Chicago,IL,USA","Department of Computer Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago,Department of Computer Science,Chicago,IL,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101989053","display_name":"Yanjing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-0463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanjing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago,Department of Computer Science,Chicago,IL,USA","Department of Computer Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago,Department of Computer Science,Chicago,IL,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006138748","display_name":"Mahabubul Alam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1441-2623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahabubul Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University,Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering,University Park,PA,USA","Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University,Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering,University Park,PA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013754781","display_name":"Satwik Kundu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2140-6486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satwik Kundu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University,Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering,University Park,PA,USA","Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University,Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering,University Park,PA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085567454","display_name":"Swaroop Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8753-490X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Swaroop Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University,Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering,University Park,PA,USA","Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University,Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering,University Park,PA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040327496","display_name":"Javad Bahrami","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79272384","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javad Bahrami","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC),Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering,Baltimore,MD,USA","Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC),Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering,Baltimore,MD,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079088715","display_name":"Naghmeh Karimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5825-6637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79272384","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naghmeh Karimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC),Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering,Baltimore,MD,USA","Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC),Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering,Baltimore,MD,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036369307"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1219,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88885833,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7539746761322021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6045933961868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-injection","display_name":"Fault injection","score":0.5946374535560608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5897302031517029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5417923927307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.498213529586792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.45716631412506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.4112110733985901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.41086477041244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3818224370479584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3467594385147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.15792852640151978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10966065526008606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7539746761322021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6045933961868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775928411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2041312","display_name":"Fault injection","level":3,"score":0.5946374535560608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5897302031517029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5417923927307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.498213529586792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.45716631412506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4112110733985901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.41086477041244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3818224370479584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3467594385147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.15792852640151978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10966065526008606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vts52500.2021.9794194","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vts52500.2021.9794194","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 40th VLSI Test Symposium (VTS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W260727648","https://openalex.org/W1972649107","https://openalex.org/W2006903949","https://openalex.org/W2026883296","https://openalex.org/W2081714388","https://openalex.org/W2124792150","https://openalex.org/W2206682739","https://openalex.org/W2337485678","https://openalex.org/W2341693243","https://openalex.org/W2521727659","https://openalex.org/W2559394418","https://openalex.org/W2562526363","https://openalex.org/W2592389822","https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2749738834","https://openalex.org/W2767260595","https://openalex.org/W2777662428","https://openalex.org/W2781952442","https://openalex.org/W2794444783","https://openalex.org/W2796293949","https://openalex.org/W2798967590","https://openalex.org/W2808979145","https://openalex.org/W2809188712","https://openalex.org/W2898401615","https://openalex.org/W2901407304","https://openalex.org/W2908912723","https://openalex.org/W2913992572","https://openalex.org/W2930242962","https://openalex.org/W2933569951","https://openalex.org/W2943955321","https://openalex.org/W2945680873","https://openalex.org/W2945773270","https://openalex.org/W2946206667","https://openalex.org/W2963173418","https://openalex.org/W2964148776","https://openalex.org/W2971805687","https://openalex.org/W2998262898","https://openalex.org/W3000371584","https://openalex.org/W3031420959","https://openalex.org/W3047634080","https://openalex.org/W3062307210","https://openalex.org/W3075559820","https://openalex.org/W3082020764","https://openalex.org/W3093707352","https://openalex.org/W3101427288","https://openalex.org/W3102320711","https://openalex.org/W3104396616","https://openalex.org/W3104962094","https://openalex.org/W3105084904","https://openalex.org/W3108145520","https://openalex.org/W3112790703","https://openalex.org/W3117961507","https://openalex.org/W3119922080","https://openalex.org/W3132743969","https://openalex.org/W3148001159","https://openalex.org/W3154383190","https://openalex.org/W3166958299","https://openalex.org/W3173713405","https://openalex.org/W3196387322","https://openalex.org/W3207171506","https://openalex.org/W3214851476","https://openalex.org/W4210781224","https://openalex.org/W4221156771","https://openalex.org/W4230550535","https://openalex.org/W4245199738","https://openalex.org/W4255276665","https://openalex.org/W4287905360","https://openalex.org/W4300988299","https://openalex.org/W6680487673","https://openalex.org/W6747381837","https://openalex.org/W6748683284","https://openalex.org/W6749107692","https://openalex.org/W6773050563","https://openalex.org/W6778881932","https://openalex.org/W6781013188","https://openalex.org/W6802687641","https://openalex.org/W6810109973"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W2028665553","https://openalex.org/W2086519370","https://openalex.org/W4246352526","https://openalex.org/W2048582679","https://openalex.org/W2782226720","https://openalex.org/W2980142988"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neural":[0,175],"Networks":[1,176],"(NNs)":[2],"are":[3,204],"being":[4],"extensively":[5],"used":[6],"in":[7,45,47,55,67,138,167,198,202],"critical":[8],"applications":[9],"such":[10,72,141,190],"as":[11,35,37,191],"aerospace,":[12],"healthcare,":[13],"autonomous":[14],"driving,":[15],"and":[16,30,39,121,178,195,200],"military,":[17],"to":[18,59,134,181],"name":[19],"a":[20,115,144,186],"few.":[21],"Limited":[22],"precision":[23],"of":[24,64,101,140,170,188],"the":[25,56,61,65,78,94,98,132,151,159,168,171,179],"underlying":[26],"hardware":[27,99],"platforms,":[28],"permanent":[29],"transient":[31],"faults":[32],"injected":[33],"unintentionally":[34],"well":[36],"maliciously,":[38],"voltage/temperature":[40],"fluctuations":[41],"can":[42,84],"potentially":[43],"result":[44],"malfunctions":[46],"NNs":[48],"with":[49,97,106,114,164],"consequences":[50],"ranging":[51],"from":[52],"substantial":[53],"reduction":[54],"network":[57,66],"accuracy":[58,169],"jeopardizing":[60],"correct":[62],"prediction":[63],"worst":[68],"cases.":[69],"To":[70],"alleviate":[71],"reliability":[73,80],"concerns,":[74],"this":[75],"paper":[76],"discusses":[77],"state-of-the-art":[79,145],"enhancement":[81],"schemes":[82],"that":[83,130],"be":[85],"tailored":[86],"for":[87],"deep":[88],"learning":[89],"accelerators.":[90],"We":[91],"will":[92],"discuss":[93],"errors":[95],"associated":[96],"implementation":[100],"Deep-Learning":[102],"(DL)":[103],"algorithms":[104],"along":[105],"their":[107],"corresponding":[108],"countermeasures.":[109],"An":[110],"in-field":[111],"self-test":[112],"methodology":[113],"high":[116],"test":[117],"coverage":[118],"is":[119,128,154],"introduced,":[120],"an":[122],"accurate":[123],"high-level":[124],"framework,":[125],"so-called":[126],"FIdelity,":[127],"proposed":[129],"enables":[131],"designers":[133],"evaluate":[135],"DL":[136],"accelerators":[137],"presence":[139],"errors.":[142],"Then,":[143],"robustness-preserving":[146],"training":[147],"algorithm":[148,157],"based":[149],"on":[150],"Hessian":[152],"Regularization":[153],"introduced.":[155],"This":[156],"alleviates":[158],"perturbations":[160],"during":[161],"inference":[162],"time":[163],"negligible":[165],"degradation":[166],"network.":[172],"Finally,":[173],"Quantum":[174],"(QNNs)":[177],"methods":[180],"make":[182],"them":[183],"resilient":[184],"against":[185],"variety":[187],"vulnerabilities":[189],"fault":[192],"injection,":[193],"spatial":[194],"temporal":[196],"variations":[197],"Qubits,":[199],"noise":[201],"QNNs":[203],"discussed.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}