{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2614714000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vts.2017.7928946","title":"A novel design-for-security (DFS) architecture to prevent unauthorized IC overproduction","display_name":"A novel design-for-security (DFS) architecture to prevent unauthorized IC overproduction","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2614714000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vts.2017.7928946","mag":"2614714000"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vts.2017.7928946","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vts.2017.7928946","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 35th VLSI Test Symposium (VTS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079601863","display_name":"Ujjwal Guin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4819-8728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ujjwal Guin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040545966","display_name":"Ziqi Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0861-1805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziqi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104362993","display_name":"Adit D. Singh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adit Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8039,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95408959,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9800999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.6452965140342712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5811726450920105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5358070135116577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5324239730834961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outsourcing","display_name":"Outsourcing","score":0.5296884179115295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5102956295013428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.49902868270874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-security-module","display_name":"Hardware security module","score":0.4387938976287842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.4261781573295593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.39595481753349304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2342810332775116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.14080294966697693}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.6452965140342712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5811726450920105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5358070135116577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5324239730834961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.5296884179115295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5102956295013428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.49902868270874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39217717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432354","display_name":"Hardware security module","level":3,"score":0.4387938976287842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.4261781573295593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.39595481753349304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2342810332775116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.14080294966697693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vts.2017.7928946","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vts.2017.7928946","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 35th VLSI Test Symposium (VTS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309904","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W117147670","https://openalex.org/W1524250393","https://openalex.org/W1595368737","https://openalex.org/W2012725064","https://openalex.org/W2043367571","https://openalex.org/W2067276029","https://openalex.org/W2099101940","https://openalex.org/W2106409910","https://openalex.org/W2124954128","https://openalex.org/W2146832742","https://openalex.org/W2300806133","https://openalex.org/W2400748972","https://openalex.org/W3144121041","https://openalex.org/W3150532282","https://openalex.org/W6604745190","https://openalex.org/W6675797392","https://openalex.org/W6681477738"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3186150091","https://openalex.org/W2759901721","https://openalex.org/W4321192641","https://openalex.org/W2566543615","https://openalex.org/W2911286527","https://openalex.org/W4311080747","https://openalex.org/W4230279121","https://openalex.org/W4378501452","https://openalex.org/W2957985992","https://openalex.org/W2564565181"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,16,46,76,107,121,143,149],"the":[2,47,62,73,147,161,164],"prohibitive":[3],"costs":[4],"of":[5,33,44,58,81,145,163],"semiconductor":[6],"manufacturing,":[7],"most":[8],"system-on-chip":[9],"(SoC)":[10],"design":[11,68,137,157],"companies":[12],"outsource":[13],"their":[14,34],"production":[15],"offshore":[17],"foundries.":[18],"An":[19,83],"untrusted":[20,84],"foundry":[21],"can":[22,38],"manufacture":[23],"and":[24,172],"sell":[25,87],"additional":[26],"unauthorized":[27,79],"chips":[28,88],"for":[29,138],"profit":[30],"in":[31,56,166],"violation":[32],"contract.":[35],"This":[36],"overproduction":[37,80],"not":[39,159],"only":[40,97],"cause":[41],"significant":[42],"loss":[43],"revenue":[45],"designer,":[48],"but":[49],"may":[50],"also":[51],"have":[52,65,119],"national":[53],"security":[54],"implications":[55],"case":[57],"sensitive":[59],"designs.":[60],"Over":[61],"years,":[63],"researchers":[64],"proposed":[66],"different":[67],"obfuscation":[69,126],"techniques":[70],"by":[71],"modifying":[72],"underlying":[74],"functionality":[75],"prevent":[77,144],"this":[78,129],"chips.":[82],"foundry/assembly":[85],"cannot":[86],"unless":[89],"they":[90],"are":[91],"activated.":[92],"A":[93],"chip":[94,165],"works":[95],"properly":[96],"when":[98],"it":[99],"is":[100],"activated":[101],"with":[102],"a":[103,133],"key,":[104],"which":[105],"needs":[106],"be":[108],"kept":[109],"secret":[110],"from":[111],"any":[112,153,167],"adversary.":[113],"However,":[114],"Boolean":[115],"satisfiability":[116],"(SAT)-based":[117],"algorithms":[118],"shown":[120],"efficiently":[122],"break":[123],"key":[124,148],"based":[125],"methods.":[127],"In":[128],"paper,":[130],"we":[131],"present":[132],"novel":[134],"secure":[135],"cell":[136],"implementing":[139],"design-for-security":[140],"(DFS)":[141],"infrastructure":[142],"leaking":[146],"an":[150],"adversary":[151],"under":[152],"circumstances.":[154],"Importantly,":[155],"our":[156],"does":[158],"limit":[160],"testability":[162],"way,":[168],"including":[169],"post-silicon":[170],"validation":[171],"debug.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}