{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2978716864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vts-apwcs.2019.8851646","title":"Outdoor Localization for LoRaWans Using Semi-Supervised Transfer Learning with Grid Segmentation","display_name":"Outdoor Localization for LoRaWans Using Semi-Supervised Transfer Learning with Grid Segmentation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2978716864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vts-apwcs.2019.8851646","mag":"2978716864"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vts-apwcs.2019.8851646","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vts-apwcs.2019.8851646","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE VTS Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069827284","display_name":"Yuh\u2010Shyan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2784-9616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49645291","display_name":"National Taipei University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02bzpph30","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49645291"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99613584","display_name":"National Taipei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03e29r284","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99613584"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuh-Shyan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of CSIE, National Taipei University, Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. C"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of CSIE, National Taipei University, Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99613584","https://openalex.org/I49645291"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048834889","display_name":"Chih\u2010Shun Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0386-2231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68348662","display_name":"Shih Hsin University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ynprv96","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68348662"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Shun Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Info. Management, Shih Hsin University, Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. C"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Info. Management, Shih Hsin University, Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68348662"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060028136","display_name":"Chan-Yin Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49645291","display_name":"National Taipei University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02bzpph30","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49645291"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99613584","display_name":"National Taipei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03e29r284","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99613584"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chan-Yin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of CSIE, National Taipei University, Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. C"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of CSIE, National Taipei University, Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99613584","https://openalex.org/I49645291"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032601992","display_name":"Hsiang-Min Hung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49645291","display_name":"National Taipei University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02bzpph30","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49645291"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99613584","display_name":"National Taipei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03e29r284","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99613584"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsiang-Min Hung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of CSIE, National Taipei University, Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. C"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of CSIE, National Taipei University, Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99613584","https://openalex.org/I49645291"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069827284"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49645291","https://openalex.org/I99613584"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9538,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76376736,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7303334474563599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.6200281977653503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.6151607632637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5775514245033264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5721859335899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.40541771054267883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36723172664642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.11530035734176636}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7303334474563599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.6200281977653503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.6151607632637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5775514245033264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5721859335899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.40541771054267883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36723172664642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.11530035734176636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vts-apwcs.2019.8851646","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vts-apwcs.2019.8851646","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE VTS Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2291859485","https://openalex.org/W2594569362","https://openalex.org/W2604490975","https://openalex.org/W2613020807","https://openalex.org/W2734885106","https://openalex.org/W2763377440","https://openalex.org/W2769109890","https://openalex.org/W2809356669","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6735839387"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3201126466","https://openalex.org/W4282827391","https://openalex.org/W4379231730","https://openalex.org/W4389858081","https://openalex.org/W3165580226","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4324315429","https://openalex.org/W2501551404","https://openalex.org/W4385583601","https://openalex.org/W4386828785"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,119],"existing":[1,16],"outdoor":[2,17,22,51],"localization":[3,18,23,54,117],"schemes":[4],"are":[5],"either":[6],"not":[7],"accurate":[8],"enough":[9],"or":[10],"too":[11],"costly.":[12],"To":[13],"improve":[14],"the":[15,43,60,85,93,116,123,126],"schemes,":[19],"a":[20,26,69,76],"novel":[21,70],"scheme":[24,73],"using":[25,55],"semi-supervised":[27,61],"transfer":[28,62],"learning":[29,57,63],"for":[30,53],"LoRaWANs":[31],"is":[32,39,64],"proposed":[33,68,127],"in":[34,49],"this":[35],"paper.":[36],"Usually,":[37],"it":[38],"hard":[40],"to":[41,74,113],"collect":[42],"complete":[44],"dataset":[45],"of":[46,78,87,95,125],"labeled":[47,80,88,109],"samples":[48,81,110],"an":[50],"environment":[52],"deep":[56],"and":[58,89],"hence":[59],"adopted.":[65],"We":[66],"have":[67],"grid":[71],"segmentation":[72],"generate":[75],"number":[77],"virtual":[79,108],"by":[82,104],"figuring":[83],"out":[84],"relationship":[86,94],"unlabeled":[90],"samples.":[91],"With":[92],"labeled-unlabeled-samples,":[96],"we":[97],"may":[98],"repeatedly":[99],"fine-tune":[100],"our":[101],"target":[102],"model":[103],"adding":[105],"more":[106],"new":[107],"so":[111],"as":[112],"further":[114],"enhance":[115],"accuracy.":[118],"experimental":[120],"results":[121],"justify":[122],"accuracy":[124],"scheme.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}