{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2953708390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2019.8746692","title":"Experimental Evaluation of the Long-Range MIMO Outdoor Channel at 2.4 GHz","display_name":"Experimental Evaluation of the Long-Range MIMO Outdoor Channel at 2.4 GHz","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2953708390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2019.8746692","mag":"2953708390"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcspring.2019.8746692","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2019.8746692","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 89th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003909687","display_name":"Felix Wunsch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7489-3778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Wunsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024911410","display_name":"Douglas J. Weber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9782-3497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas Weber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033104151","display_name":"Holger J\u00e4kel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Holger Jakel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048334976","display_name":"Friedrich K. Jondral","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Friedrich K. Jondral","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3982,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46160676,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lpwan","display_name":"LPWAN","score":0.8965412378311157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.659993052482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6018413305282593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5547180771827698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-budget","display_name":"Link budget","score":0.5517892837524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.490866482257843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.461569219827652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.44892168045043945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3g-mimo","display_name":"3G MIMO","score":0.44870251417160034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-diversity","display_name":"Antenna diversity","score":0.4437444806098938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/omnidirectional-antenna","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","score":0.4377610683441162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.43599414825439453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phy","display_name":"PHY","score":0.41256922483444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3674946129322052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.35595154762268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.35142993927001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wide-area-network","display_name":"Wide area network","score":0.25254279375076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19176942110061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.1532396376132965}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20706829","display_name":"LPWAN","level":3,"score":0.8965412378311157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.659993052482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6018413305282593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5547180771827698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94137725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509342","display_name":"Link budget","level":3,"score":0.5517892837524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.490866482257843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.461569219827652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44892168045043945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165650700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636347","display_name":"3G MIMO","level":4,"score":0.44870251417160034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60069766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357054","display_name":"Antenna diversity","level":3,"score":0.4437444806098938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24027999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2176348","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","level":3,"score":0.4377610683441162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.43599414825439453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41918916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"PHY","level":4,"score":0.41256922483444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3674946129322052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.35595154762268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.35142993927001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776238582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11384","display_name":"Wide area network","level":2,"score":0.25254279375076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19176942110061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.1532396376132965}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcspring.2019.8746692","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2019.8746692","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 89th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W1976095970","https://openalex.org/W2119456443","https://openalex.org/W2339410153","https://openalex.org/W2610335499","https://openalex.org/W2883580553","https://openalex.org/W2962691290","https://openalex.org/W3140440502"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2780275797","https://openalex.org/W2558305529","https://openalex.org/W3180089253","https://openalex.org/W2949952077","https://openalex.org/W3162678986","https://openalex.org/W2900142556","https://openalex.org/W3158373013","https://openalex.org/W2971124593","https://openalex.org/W2940099852","https://openalex.org/W2981746575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low":[0],"Power":[1],"Wide":[2],"Area":[3],"Networks":[4],"(LPWAN)":[5],"technologies":[6,91],"in":[7,53],"the":[8,13,20,47,60,84,102],"2.4":[9],"GHz":[10],"band":[11],"offer":[12],"opportunity":[14],"to":[15,26,88],"employ":[16],"multiple":[17],"antennas":[18],"at":[19],"sensor,":[21],"which":[22],"can":[23],"be":[24],"used":[25],"create":[27],"antenna":[28,76,126,133],"diversity.":[29],"In":[30],"this":[31],"paper,":[32],"we":[33,62,69],"present":[34],"our":[35],"software-defined,":[36],"interference-robust,":[37],"and":[38,44,75],"highly":[39],"mobile":[40],"channel":[41,52],"sounder":[42],"architecture":[43],"experimentally":[45],"evaluate":[46],"long-range":[48],"outdoor-to-":[49],"outdoor":[50],"MIMO":[51],"a":[54,66,113],"typical":[55],"Smart":[56],"City":[57],"environment.":[58],"Analyzing":[59],"measurements":[61],"have":[63],"obtained":[64],"over":[65],"wide":[67],"area,":[68],"estimate":[70],"path":[71],"loss,":[72],"coherence":[73],"bandwidth,":[74],"correlations.":[77],"Link":[78],"budget":[79],"calculations":[80],"show":[81],"that,":[82],"despite":[83],"higher":[85],"frequency":[86],"compared":[87],"popular":[89],"LPWAN":[90],"such":[92],"as":[93],"LoRa":[94],"or":[95],"SigFox,":[96],"multi-kilometer":[97],"links":[98],"are":[99,123],"feasible.":[100],"Furthermore,":[101],"comparison":[103],"of":[104],"an":[105],"IEEE":[106],"802.15.4":[107],"PHY":[108],"designed":[109],"for":[110],"LPWANs":[111],"with":[112,130],"recently":[114],"proposed":[115],"multi-antenna":[116],"scheme":[117],"indicates":[118],"that":[119],"considerable":[120],"performance":[121],"gains":[122],"possible":[124],"through":[125],"diversity":[127],"schemes,":[128],"even":[129],"rather":[131],"high":[132],"correlation.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
