{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2955063597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2019.8746338","title":"3-D Ray Tracing Based GPU Accelerated Field Prediction Radio Channel Simulator","display_name":"3-D Ray Tracing Based GPU Accelerated Field Prediction Radio Channel Simulator","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2955063597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2019.8746338","mag":"2955063597"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcspring.2019.8746338","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2019.8746338","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 89th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042375522","display_name":"Juha Pyhtil\u00e4","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738179","display_name":"Center for Wireless Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/04b57z061","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959","https://openalex.org/I4392738179"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juha Pyhtila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009930279","display_name":"Pekka Sangi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pekka Sangi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047866545","display_name":"Heikki Karvonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1491-0422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738179","display_name":"Center for Wireless Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/04b57z061","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959","https://openalex.org/I4392738179"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heikki Karvonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086359386","display_name":"Markus Berg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9896-9108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738179","display_name":"Center for Wireless Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/04b57z061","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959","https://openalex.org/I4392738179"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Berg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048767221","display_name":"Rameez Ur Rahman Lighari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738179","display_name":"Center for Wireless Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/04b57z061","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959","https://openalex.org/I4392738179"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rameez Lighari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112283611","display_name":"E. Salonen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738179","display_name":"Center for Wireless Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/04b57z061","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959","https://openalex.org/I4392738179"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erkki Salonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054231009","display_name":"Aarno P\u00e4rssinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5461-6148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738179","display_name":"Center for Wireless Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/04b57z061","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959","https://openalex.org/I4392738179"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aarno Parssinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738179"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029534229","display_name":"Markku Juntti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-1896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738179","display_name":"Center for Wireless Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/04b57z061","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959","https://openalex.org/I4392738179"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markku Juntti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738179"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.793168842792511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics-processing-unit","display_name":"Graphics processing unit","score":0.7894666194915771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.7858374118804932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuda","display_name":"CUDA","score":0.7856897115707397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.6140222549438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-purpose-computing-on-graphics-processing-units","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","score":0.5320792198181152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.4812771677970886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.4580818712711334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.438640296459198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4247358441352844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4110333025455475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.3624943792819977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.33152079582214355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3100336492061615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.12303417921066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08161205053329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.07982361316680908}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.793168842792511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183484","display_name":"Graphics processing unit","level":2,"score":0.7894666194915771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7858374118804932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778119891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477690","display_name":"CUDA","level":2,"score":0.7856897115707397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.6140222549438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50630238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q971505","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","level":3,"score":0.5320792198181152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.4812771677970886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.4580818712711334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.438640296459198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4247358441352844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4110333025455475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.3624943792819977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.33152079582214355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3100336492061615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.12303417921066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08161205053329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.07982361316680908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcspring.2019.8746338","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2019.8746338","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 89th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oulu.fi:nbnfi-fe2019082124952","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe2019082124952","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400284","display_name":"University of Oulu Repository (University of Oulu)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","host_organization_name":"University of Oulu","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W207188286","https://openalex.org/W1490921409","https://openalex.org/W1524573041","https://openalex.org/W1533938040","https://openalex.org/W1573978645","https://openalex.org/W1797540631","https://openalex.org/W1865176687","https://openalex.org/W1986181382","https://openalex.org/W2002770436","https://openalex.org/W2018543755","https://openalex.org/W2020785041","https://openalex.org/W2029751976","https://openalex.org/W2050513283","https://openalex.org/W2075732561","https://openalex.org/W2077526990","https://openalex.org/W2101038365","https://openalex.org/W2108031310","https://openalex.org/W2131651545","https://openalex.org/W2143738441","https://openalex.org/W2163363194","https://openalex.org/W6669360446"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2983282793","https://openalex.org/W1973046741","https://openalex.org/W1963859303","https://openalex.org/W2364044215","https://openalex.org/W2389600408","https://openalex.org/W240129890","https://openalex.org/W3048701459","https://openalex.org/W2149078538","https://openalex.org/W2080146221","https://openalex.org/W2370314112"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"ray":[1],"tracing":[2],"simulator":[3,12],"for":[4,39],"urban":[5,54],"and":[6,24,27,48],"indoor":[7],"environments":[8],"is":[9],"introduced.":[10],"The":[11,56],"uses":[13],"NVIDIA":[14],"graphics":[15],"processing":[16,61],"unit":[17],"(GPU)":[18],"accelerated":[19],"CUDA":[20],"parallel":[21,60],"computing":[22],"platform":[23],"programming":[25],"mode":[26],"the":[28],"OptiX":[29],"Ray":[30],"Tracing":[31],"Engine.":[32],"As":[33],"a":[34,70],"use":[35],"case,":[36],"channel":[37],"characteristics":[38],"Global":[40],"Navigation":[41],"Satellite":[42],"System":[43],"(GNSS)":[44],"satellites":[45],"are":[46],"simulated":[47],"compared":[49],"with":[50],"measurements":[51],"in":[52],"an":[53],"area.":[55],"speedup":[57],"achieved":[58],"by":[59],"allows":[62],"computation":[63],"of":[64,69],"multiple":[65],"relevant":[66],"reflections":[67],"characteristic":[68],"satellite":[71],"channel.":[72]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
