{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2884396387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2018.8417581","title":"Impact of User Number on Massive MIMO with a Practical Number of Antennas","display_name":"Impact of User Number on Massive MIMO with a Practical Number of Antennas","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2884396387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2018.8417581","mag":"2884396387"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcspring.2018.8417581","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2018.8417581","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 87th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/files/184367182/Mark_Beach_Impact_of_User_Number_on_Massive_MIMO_with_a_Practical_Number_of_Anetnnas.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029703283","display_name":"Wael Boukley Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3157-0482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wael Boukley Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Systems & Networks Group, University of Bristol, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Systems & Networks Group, University of Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108016534","display_name":"Paul Harris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4758-0685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Harris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Systems & Networks Group, University of Bristol, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Systems & Networks Group, University of Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090998891","display_name":"Angela Doufexi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0133-6676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angela Doufexi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Systems & Networks Group, University of Bristol, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Systems & Networks Group, University of Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081159321","display_name":"Mark A Beach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6798-7001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Beach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Systems & Networks Group, University of Bristol, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Systems & Networks Group, University of Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029703283"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2608,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57012744,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.8526159524917603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.7118191719055176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.5995140075683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5572178363800049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.5486180186271667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-user-mimo","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","score":0.4973318874835968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.48571428656578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4772724509239197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4686441123485565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.44328221678733826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.42804449796676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-scattering","display_name":"Rayleigh scattering","score":0.4211135506629944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4136952757835388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.40674760937690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.35168343782424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3293127417564392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.21658849716186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.1694328486919403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1615867018699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.10002261400222778}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.8526159524917603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.7118191719055176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.5995140075683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5572178363800049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.5486180186271667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91330434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738298","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","level":4,"score":0.4973318874835968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.48571428656578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4772724509239197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4686441123485565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.44328221678733826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.42804449796676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46244369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193709","display_name":"Rayleigh scattering","level":2,"score":0.4211135506629944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4136952757835388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.40674760937690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.35168343782424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3293127417564392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.21658849716186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.1694328486919403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1615867018699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.10002261400222778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcspring.2018.8417581","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2018.8417581","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 87th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/8ec8c804-8233-4dee-ac25-53ec8b79da07","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/8ec8c804-8233-4dee-ac25-53ec8b79da07","pdf_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/files/184367182/Mark_Beach_Impact_of_User_Number_on_Massive_MIMO_with_a_Practical_Number_of_Anetnnas.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hasan, W B, Harris, P, Doufexi, A & Beach, M 2018, Impact of User Number on Massive MIMO with a Practical Number of Antennas. in 2018 IEEE 87th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring 2018) : Proceedings of a meeting held 3-6 June 2018, Porto, Portugal.. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), pp. 600-604. https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2018.8417581","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:publications/8ec8c804-8233-4dee-ac25-53ec8b79da07","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85050985015&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:publications/8ec8c804-8233-4dee-ac25-53ec8b79da07","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1983/8ec8c804-8233-4dee-ac25-53ec8b79da07","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hasan, W B, Harris, P, Doufexi, A & Beach, M 2018, Impact of User Number on Massive MIMO with a Practical Number of Antennas. in 2018 IEEE 87th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring 2018) : Proceedings of a meeting held 3-6 June 2018, Porto, Portugal.. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), pp. 600-604. https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2018.8417581","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/8ec8c804-8233-4dee-ac25-53ec8b79da07","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/8ec8c804-8233-4dee-ac25-53ec8b79da07","pdf_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/files/184367182/Mark_Beach_Impact_of_User_Number_on_Massive_MIMO_with_a_Practical_Number_of_Anetnnas.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hasan, W B, Harris, P, Doufexi, A & Beach, M 2018, Impact of User Number on Massive MIMO with a Practical Number of Antennas. in 2018 IEEE 87th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring 2018) : Proceedings of a meeting held 3-6 June 2018, Porto, Portugal.. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), pp. 600-604. https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2018.8417581","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2884396387.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2884396387.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518945650","https://openalex.org/W1582872561","https://openalex.org/W1981835967","https://openalex.org/W2026440501","https://openalex.org/W2105392125","https://openalex.org/W2135846983","https://openalex.org/W2142238976","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W2183165041","https://openalex.org/W2238937638","https://openalex.org/W2560671460","https://openalex.org/W2569221055","https://openalex.org/W2592550725","https://openalex.org/W2596141595","https://openalex.org/W2616676881","https://openalex.org/W2769422308","https://openalex.org/W2963820714","https://openalex.org/W3100399470","https://openalex.org/W6634768726","https://openalex.org/W6730234666"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2167568384","https://openalex.org/W2116541631","https://openalex.org/W2514205366","https://openalex.org/W3173074004","https://openalex.org/W1976511355","https://openalex.org/W2544668827","https://openalex.org/W2082469387","https://openalex.org/W1985632843","https://openalex.org/W301676527","https://openalex.org/W2489379490"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,126],"paper":[1],"evaluates":[2],"the":[3,48,55,88,95,101,119,131,136],"impact":[4,189],"of":[5,41,85,108,116,190],"spatially":[6],"multiplexing":[7],"more":[8,192],"users":[9,64,117,193],"within":[10],"a":[11,27,38,160,178],"massive":[12,21,180,204],"multiple-":[13],"input,":[14],"multiple-output":[15],"(MIMO)":[16],"system.":[17],"Recent":[18],"works":[19],"on":[20,70,135],"MIMO":[22,181,205],"show":[23,99],"that":[24,46,100],"there":[25],"is":[26,59,127,152,194],"peak":[28,53,124],"value":[29],"for":[30,154,185],"sum":[31,49,57,103,120,132],"spectrum":[32],"efficiency":[33],"(SE)":[34],"achieved":[35,60,112],"by":[36,61,113,129,197],"serving":[37,62],"certain":[39],"number":[40,84,107,115],"users.":[42],"It":[43],"was":[44],"shown":[45,128],"until":[47],"SE":[50,58,104,121,133,143],"reached":[51,122],"its":[52,123],"value,":[54],"maximum":[56,102],"all":[63],"simultaneously.":[65],"These":[66],"results":[67],"were":[68,183],"based":[69,134],"perfect":[71],"channel":[72],"state":[73],"information":[74],"(CSI)":[75],"or":[76,80],"Shannon":[77],"capacity":[78],"calculations":[79],"using":[81],"very":[82],"large":[83],"antennas":[86,109],"at":[87],"base":[89],"station":[90],"(BS).":[91],"As":[92],"opposed":[93],"to":[94],"aforementioned":[96],"results,":[97],"we":[98],"with":[105,144],"practical":[106],"could":[110],"be":[111],"decreasing":[114],"before":[118],"value.":[125],"calculating":[130],"Error":[137],"Vector":[138],"Magnitude":[139],"(EVM)":[140],"performance.":[141],"Sum":[142],"zero-":[145],"forcing":[146],"(ZF)":[147],"and":[148,168,174],"matched":[149],"filtering":[150],"(MF)":[151],"presented":[153],"uplink":[155],"(UL)":[156],"data":[157,176],"transmission":[158],"in":[159],"single-cell.":[161],"Channel":[162],"matrices":[163],"formed":[164],"from":[165,177,201],"both":[166],"independent":[167],"identically":[169],"distributed":[170],"(IID)":[171],"Rayleigh":[172],"samples":[173],"measured":[175],"real":[179,198],"system":[182],"used":[184],"performance":[186],"evaluation.":[187],"The":[188],"adding":[191],"also":[195],"demonstrated":[196],"constellations":[199],"captured":[200],"an":[202],"indoor":[203],"trail.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}