{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2770439455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2017.8108527","title":"Physical Layer Authentication for Mission Critical Machine Type Communication Using Gaussian Mixture Model Based Clustering","display_name":"Physical Layer Authentication for Mission Critical Machine Type Communication Using Gaussian Mixture Model Based Clustering","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2770439455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2017.8108527","mag":"2770439455"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcspring.2017.8108527","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2017.8108527","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 85th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1711.06101","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064426353","display_name":"Andreas Weinand","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Weinand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Wireless Communication and Navigation, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany","Institute for Wireless Communication and Navigation University of Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Wireless Communication and Navigation, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Wireless Communication and Navigation University of Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044685710","display_name":"Michael Karrenbauer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7937-2901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Karrenbauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Wireless Communication and Navigation, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany","Institute for Wireless Communication and Navigation University of Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Wireless Communication and Navigation, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Wireless Communication and Navigation University of Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052861333","display_name":"Ji Lianghai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji Lianghai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Wireless Communication and Navigation, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany","Institute for Wireless Communication and Navigation University of Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Wireless Communication and Navigation, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Wireless Communication and Navigation University of Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008473850","display_name":"Hans D. Schotten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5005-3635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans D. Schotten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Wireless Communication and Navigation, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany","Institute for Wireless Communication and Navigation University of Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Wireless Communication and Navigation, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Wireless Communication and Navigation University of Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4224,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65886762,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7617272138595581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.7551556825637817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.6254693269729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6009963750839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5998905897140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.49508777260780334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.44768500328063965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.43554043769836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4211944341659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.41856321692466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4185151755809784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.31194186210632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14320886135101318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13643962144851685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11167961359024048}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7617272138595581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.7551556825637817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.6254693269729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6009963750839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5998905897140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.49508777260780334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.44768500328063965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.43554043769836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4211944341659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.41856321692466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4185151755809784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.31194186210632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14320886135101318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13643962144851685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11167961359024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcspring.2017.8108527","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2017.8108527","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 85th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1711.06101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1711.06101","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1711.06101","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2770439455","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/1711.06101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1711.06101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1711.06101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1711.06101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1711.06101","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1711.06101","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2770439455.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2770439455.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505958606","https://openalex.org/W1528401588","https://openalex.org/W1976875494","https://openalex.org/W1978182554","https://openalex.org/W1986675495","https://openalex.org/W1997641748","https://openalex.org/W2036235015","https://openalex.org/W2054645373","https://openalex.org/W2061780772","https://openalex.org/W2110774823","https://openalex.org/W2115735006","https://openalex.org/W2146080444","https://openalex.org/W2161455567","https://openalex.org/W2284320790","https://openalex.org/W2963222093"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2962861971","https://openalex.org/W3101283490","https://openalex.org/W2332412140","https://openalex.org/W2780458606","https://openalex.org/W3011357601","https://openalex.org/W3212088770","https://openalex.org/W3112878866","https://openalex.org/W2171404613","https://openalex.org/W1007176487","https://openalex.org/W2785087548","https://openalex.org/W2887906137","https://openalex.org/W2917294700","https://openalex.org/W2884550992","https://openalex.org/W2284320790","https://openalex.org/W3199610090","https://openalex.org/W2010497360","https://openalex.org/W2000983938","https://openalex.org/W1573147964","https://openalex.org/W3035847881","https://openalex.org/W2783700591"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"application":[1],"of":[2,44,56,86,104,143,169],"Mission":[3],"Critical":[4],"Machine":[5],"Type":[6],"Communication":[7],"(MC-MTC)":[8],"in":[9,29,92,125],"wireless":[10,46],"systems":[11,19,28,49,127],"is":[12,76,134,152,162],"currently":[13],"a":[14,53,94,148,173],"hot":[15],"research":[16],"topic.":[17],"Wireless":[18],"are":[20,50,96],"considered":[21],"to":[22,40,52,65,78,97,121],"provide":[23,79],"numerous":[24],"advantages":[25],"over":[26,107],"wired":[27],"e.g.":[30],"industrial":[31],"applications":[32],"such":[33,48,93],"as":[34,100,102],"closed":[35],"loop":[36],"control.":[37],"However,":[38],"due":[39],"the":[41,45,87,108,114,167],"broadcast":[42],"nature":[43],"channel,":[47],"prone":[51],"wide":[54],"range":[55,60],"cyber":[57],"attacks.":[58,73],"These":[59],"from":[61],"passive":[62],"eavesdropping":[63],"attacks":[64,67],"active":[66],"like":[68],"data":[69],"manipulation":[70],"or":[71],"masquerade":[72],"Therefore":[74],"it":[75],"necessary":[77],"reliable":[80],"and":[81,164],"efficient":[82],"security":[83,90],"mechanisms.":[84],"Some":[85],"most":[88],"important":[89],"issues":[91],"system":[95],"ensure":[98],"integrity":[99],"well":[101],"authenticity":[103],"exchanged":[105],"messages":[106],"air":[109],"between":[110],"communicating":[111],"devices.":[112],"In":[113],"present":[115],"work,":[116],"an":[117,158],"approach":[118,171],"on":[119,129,147],"how":[120],"achieve":[122],"this":[123],"goal":[124],"MC-MTC":[126],"based":[128,146,177],"Physical":[130],"Layer":[131],"Security":[132],"(PHYSEC)":[133],"presented.":[135],"A":[136],"new":[137],"method":[138],"that":[139,155],"clusters":[140],"channel":[141],"estimates":[142],"different":[144],"transmitters":[145],"Gaussian":[149],"Mixture":[150],"Model":[151],"applied":[153],"for":[154],"purpose.":[156],"Further,":[157],"experimental":[159],"proof-of-concept":[160],"evaluation":[161],"given":[163],"we":[165],"compare":[166],"performance":[168],"our":[170],"with":[172],"mean":[174],"square":[175],"error":[176],"detection":[178],"method.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
