{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2468118941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2016.7504421","title":"Performance Optimization of M-APSK in Awgn and Oscillator Phase Noise with Annular-Sector Detection","display_name":"Performance Optimization of M-APSK in Awgn and Oscillator Phase Noise with Annular-Sector Detection","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2468118941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2016.7504421","mag":"2468118941"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcspring.2016.7504421","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2016.7504421","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE 83rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059956624","display_name":"Qian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3175-334X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125878","display_name":"Suzhou Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ebk0c60","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125878"]}],"countries":["CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Advanced Microelectronic Devices, NUS Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, China","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Advanced Microelectronic Devices, NUS Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125878"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101819734","display_name":"Tianyu Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6259-4930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125878","display_name":"Suzhou Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ebk0c60","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125878"]}],"countries":["CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyu Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Advanced Microelectronic Devices, NUS Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, China","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Advanced Microelectronic Devices, NUS Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125878"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083124337","display_name":"Pooi\u2010Yuen Kam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5543-5034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125878","display_name":"Suzhou Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ebk0c60","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125878"]}],"countries":["CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pooi-Yuen Kam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Advanced Microelectronic Devices, NUS Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, China","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Advanced Microelectronic Devices, NUS Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125878"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059956624"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210125878"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05119627,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-white-gaussian-noise","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","score":0.6788218021392822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude-and-phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Amplitude and phase-shift keying","score":0.6098986268043518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oscillator-phase-noise","display_name":"Oscillator phase noise","score":0.5836426019668579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-detector-characteristic","display_name":"Phase detector characteristic","score":0.5583223104476929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5577923655509949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-noise","display_name":"Gaussian noise","score":0.5472091436386108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5423917770385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5251386165618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.4706282615661621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keying","display_name":"Keying","score":0.44721439480781555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.44111430644989014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.36020681262016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3367151916027069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-noise","display_name":"White noise","score":0.3342481255531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.32447218894958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.31102535128593445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.25201481580734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2506372034549713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.24712997674942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-figure","display_name":"Noise figure","score":0.14594298601150513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.13443854451179504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.11295419931411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.10189458727836609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.0910702645778656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.06274470686912537}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.6788218021392822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127240579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477229","display_name":"Amplitude and phase-shift keying","level":5,"score":0.6098986268043518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26571440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7106415","display_name":"Oscillator phase noise","level":5,"score":0.5836426019668579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72343979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180946","display_name":"Phase detector characteristic","level":4,"score":0.5583223104476929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5577923655509949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4199805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903","display_name":"Gaussian noise","level":2,"score":0.5472091436386108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5423917770385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5251386165618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.4706282615661621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398306","display_name":"Keying","level":2,"score":0.44721439480781555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.44111430644989014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.36020681262016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3367151916027069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112633086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381287","display_name":"White noise","level":2,"score":0.3342481255531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.32447218894958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31102535128593445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25201481580734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2506372034549713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.24712997674942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112806910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746825","display_name":"Noise figure","level":4,"score":0.14594298601150513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.13443854451179504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.11295419931411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.10189458727836609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0910702645778656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.06274470686912537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcspring.2016.7504421","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2016.7504421","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE 83rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001605516","https://openalex.org/W2052356252","https://openalex.org/W2057018632","https://openalex.org/W2070793330","https://openalex.org/W2090292418","https://openalex.org/W2099657946","https://openalex.org/W2102303896","https://openalex.org/W2117874011","https://openalex.org/W2119677789","https://openalex.org/W2123573801","https://openalex.org/W2124335021","https://openalex.org/W2124583360","https://openalex.org/W2124684882","https://openalex.org/W2125583005","https://openalex.org/W2126119195","https://openalex.org/W2137714729","https://openalex.org/W2145241131","https://openalex.org/W2167435827","https://openalex.org/W2335756184","https://openalex.org/W6703266646"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028215865","https://openalex.org/W2152491811","https://openalex.org/W3016022765","https://openalex.org/W2811496137","https://openalex.org/W3142026089","https://openalex.org/W2067333008","https://openalex.org/W2058692089","https://openalex.org/W2135827431","https://openalex.org/W2057250360","https://openalex.org/W2468118941"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,31],"paper":[1],"analyzes":[2],"the":[3,18,44,49,60,105,131,147,151,156,160,174,177,182],"error":[4,62,70,106,178],"performance":[5],"of":[6,51,65,95,97,114,122,141,184,191],"M-ary":[7],"amplitude":[8],"phase-shift":[9],"keying":[10],"(M-APSK)":[11],"signals":[12],"with":[13,67,130],"annular-sector":[14],"(AS)":[15],"detection":[16,36,39],"over":[17],"channel":[19],"where":[20],"both":[21,154],"additive":[22,82],"white":[23],"Gaussian":[24,98,115],"noise":[25,29,85],"and":[26,37,41,93,180],"oscillator":[27],"phase":[28,38,68,75,84,188],"exist.":[30],"AS":[32,157],"detector":[33,158],"performs":[34],"ring":[35,192],"separately,":[40],"leads":[42],"to":[43,73,104],"circular":[45],"decision":[46],"boundaries":[47],"in":[48,187],"middle":[50],"rings.":[52],"We":[53,143],"derive":[54],"a":[55,112,119],"unified,":[56],"closed-form":[57],"expression":[58],"for":[59,135],"symbol":[61],"probability":[63],"(SEP)":[64],"M-APSK":[66,185],"reference":[69],"(PRE)":[71],"due":[72],"imperfect":[74],"estimation,":[76],"based":[77],"on":[78],"our":[79,125,167],"previously":[80],"proposed":[81],"observation":[83],"model.":[86],"The":[87],"SEP":[88],"result":[89],"is":[90,108],"analytically":[91],"tractable":[92],"consists":[94],"products":[96],"Q-functions.":[99],"An":[100],"accurate,":[101],"unified":[102],"approximation":[103],"floor":[107],"directly":[109],"obtained":[110],"as":[111,146],"sum":[113],"Q-":[116],"functions.":[117],"Within":[118],"wide":[120],"range":[121],"PRE":[123,148],"variances,":[124],"approximations":[126],"agree":[127],"very":[128],"well":[129],"Monte":[132],"Carlo":[133],"simulation":[134],"all":[136],"signal-to-noise":[137],"ratio":[138],"(SNR)":[139],"values":[140],"interest.":[142],"show":[144],"that":[145],"variance":[149],"or":[150,153],"SNR":[152],"increase,":[155],"outperforms":[159],"conventional":[161],"minimum":[162],"Euclidean":[163],"distance":[164],"detector.":[165],"Moreover,":[166],"results":[168],"provide":[169],"explicit":[170],"insight":[171],"into":[172],"how":[173],"parameters":[175],"affect":[176],"performance,":[179],"facilitate":[181],"optimization":[183,194],"constellations":[186],"noise.":[189],"Examples":[190],"radii":[193],"have":[195],"been":[196],"given.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T13:04:00.132906","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}