{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2460496349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2016.7504341","title":"Measurement-Based Characterizations of Indoor Massive MIMO Channels at 2 GHz, 4 GHz, and 6 GHz Frequency Bands","display_name":"Measurement-Based Characterizations of Indoor Massive MIMO Channels at 2 GHz, 4 GHz, and 6 GHz Frequency Bands","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2460496349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2016.7504341","mag":"2460496349"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcspring.2016.7504341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2016.7504341","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE 83rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101944878","display_name":"Jianzhi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1978-1105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianzhi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab. of Rail Traffic Control & Safety, Beijing Jiaotong Univ., Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Rail Traffic Control & Safety, Beijing Jiaotong Univ., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100620739","display_name":"Bo Ai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6850-0595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Ai","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab. of Rail Traffic Control & Safety, Beijing Jiaotong Univ., Beijing, China","Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, Beijing, CN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Rail Traffic Control & Safety, Beijing Jiaotong Univ., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, Beijing, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012250827","display_name":"Ruisi He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4135-3227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruisi He","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab. of Rail Traffic Control & Safety, Beijing Jiaotong Univ., Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Rail Traffic Control & Safety, Beijing Jiaotong Univ., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047648973","display_name":"Ke Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7229-7446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab. of Rail Traffic Control & Safety, Beijing Jiaotong Univ., Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Rail Traffic Control & Safety, Beijing Jiaotong Univ., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100341305","display_name":"Qi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5460-1106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab. of Rail Traffic Control & Safety, Beijing Jiaotong Univ., Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Rail Traffic Control & Safety, Beijing Jiaotong Univ., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009823569","display_name":"Dan Fei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6271-3004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Fei","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab. of Rail Traffic Control & Safety, Beijing Jiaotong Univ., Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Rail Traffic Control & Safety, Beijing Jiaotong Univ., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350955","display_name":"Zhangdui Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8889-7374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangdui Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab. of Rail Traffic Control & Safety, Beijing Jiaotong Univ., Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Rail Traffic Control & Safety, Beijing Jiaotong Univ., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008846231","display_name":"Zhuyan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2382-2933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099903","display_name":"Nokia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/01607kg94","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210099903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuyan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018495963","display_name":"Deshan Miao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099903","display_name":"Nokia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/01607kg94","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210099903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deshan Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099903"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101561044","display_name":"Hao Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5731-3409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099903","display_name":"Nokia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/01607kg94","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210099903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099903"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4645,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94859159,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.8846844434738159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.8815373182296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence-bandwidth","display_name":"Coherence bandwidth","score":0.8498338460922241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delay-spread","display_name":"Delay spread","score":0.6806609630584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.6393354535102844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.585065484046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5660887956619263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3g-mimo","display_name":"3G MIMO","score":0.5539857745170593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo-ofdm","display_name":"MIMO-OFDM","score":0.525910496711731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5056185722351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.5012612342834473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.4347190856933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence-time","display_name":"Coherence time","score":0.4252648949623108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","score":0.3595806956291199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3431400656700134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.33459246158599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.28285637497901917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.21421071887016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1640557050704956}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.8846844434738159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.8815373182296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12448027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007155","display_name":"Coherence bandwidth","level":5,"score":0.8498338460922241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49456836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q666814","display_name":"Delay spread","level":4,"score":0.6806609630584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6393354535102844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.585065484046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5660887956619263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165650700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636347","display_name":"3G MIMO","level":4,"score":0.5539857745170593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130946814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5988271","display_name":"MIMO-OFDM","level":4,"score":0.525910496711731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5056185722351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.5012612342834473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.4347190856933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47091857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118612","display_name":"Coherence time","level":3,"score":0.4252648949623108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.3595806956291199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3431400656700134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.33459246158599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.28285637497901917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.21421071887016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1640557050704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcspring.2016.7504341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2016.7504341","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE 83rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W155699794","https://openalex.org/W1971443733","https://openalex.org/W2037056881","https://openalex.org/W2037785632","https://openalex.org/W2048138820","https://openalex.org/W2068349748","https://openalex.org/W2090195299","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2168847332","https://openalex.org/W2540018060","https://openalex.org/W3098980465","https://openalex.org/W3106282754","https://openalex.org/W3107179866","https://openalex.org/W4235042061","https://openalex.org/W6659774292"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046846573","https://openalex.org/W1872320512","https://openalex.org/W1514485655","https://openalex.org/W2011617390","https://openalex.org/W1981340510","https://openalex.org/W1561864446","https://openalex.org/W2027356192","https://openalex.org/W2489023624","https://openalex.org/W1995753209","https://openalex.org/W2787630146"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Massive":[0],"MIMO":[1,23,41,54,64,78,179],"has":[2],"been":[3],"chosen":[4],"as":[5],"one":[6],"of":[7,11,21,25,39,52,62,75,105,135,144,158,177],"the":[8,12,36,117,142,162,175,182],"candidate":[9],"technologies":[10],"fifth-generation":[13],"mobile":[14],"communication":[15],"system":[16,180],"(5G),":[17],"and":[18,31,56,98,110,130,147],"channel":[19,44,65,121,164],"modeling":[20],"massive":[22,40,53,63,77,178],"is":[24,43,139,154,166],"great":[26],"importance.":[27],"The":[28,89,119,133,156,169],"most":[29],"direct":[30],"effective":[32],"approach":[33],"to":[34],"investigate":[35],"propagation":[37,112],"characteristics":[38],"channels":[42],"measurements.":[45,118],"However,":[46],"there":[47,57],"are":[48,91,114,123],"only":[49],"few":[50],"measurements":[51,90],"channels,":[55,79,137],"still":[58],"lacks":[59],"deep":[60],"investigations":[61],"characteristics.":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68],"paper,":[69],"we":[70],"present":[71],"a":[72,82,103],"measurement":[73],"campaign":[74],"indoor":[76,183],"by":[80,141],"using":[81],"linear":[83],"large-scale":[84],"array":[85,152],"with":[86,102],"64":[87],"elements.":[88],"conducted":[92],"at":[93],"2":[94],"GHz,":[95,97,100],"4":[96],"6":[99],"respectively,":[101],"bandwidth":[104,149],"200":[106],"MHz.":[107],"Both":[108],"LOS":[109],"NLOS":[111],"scenarios":[113],"considered":[115],"in":[116,181],"basic":[120],"parameters":[122,165],"extracted,":[124],"including":[125],"path":[126],"loss,":[127],"delay":[128,145],"spread,":[129],"coherence":[131,148],"bandwidth.":[132],"non-stationarity":[134],"radio":[136],"which":[138],"reflected":[140],"variations":[143],"spread":[146],"over":[150],"different":[151],"locations,":[153],"discussed.":[155,168],"impact":[157],"carrier":[159],"frequency":[160],"on":[161],"above":[163],"further":[167],"results":[170],"would":[171],"be":[172],"useful":[173],"for":[174],"design":[176],"environments.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}