{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1590700688","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2015.7146079","title":"Semi-Supervised Positioning Algorithm in Indoor WLAN Environment","display_name":"Semi-Supervised Positioning Algorithm in Indoor WLAN Environment","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1590700688","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2015.7146079","mag":"1590700688"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcspring.2015.7146079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2015.7146079","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE 81st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062996827","display_name":"Ying Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7407-6126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Commun. Res. Center, Harbin Inst. of Technol., China","[Commun. Res. Center, Harbin Inst. of Technol., Harbin, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commun. Res. Center, Harbin Inst. of Technol., China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Commun. Res. Center, Harbin Inst. of Technol., Harbin, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018662596","display_name":"Lin Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1684-9714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Commun. Res. Center, Harbin Inst. of Technol., China","[Commun. Res. Center, Harbin Inst. of Technol., Harbin, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commun. Res. Center, Harbin Inst. of Technol., China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Commun. Res. Center, Harbin Inst. of Technol., Harbin, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063959796","display_name":"Zhongzhao Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongzhao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Commun. Res. Center, Harbin Inst. of Technol, China","[Commun. Res. Center, Harbin Inst. of Technol., Harbin, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commun. Res. Center, Harbin Inst. of Technol, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Commun. Res. Center, Harbin Inst. of Technol., Harbin, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100318971","display_name":"Yao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-7946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Commun. Res. Center, Harbin Inst. of Technol., China","[Commun. Res. Center, Harbin Inst. of Technol., Harbin, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commun. Res. Center, Harbin Inst. of Technol., China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Commun. Res. Center, Harbin Inst. of Technol., Harbin, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2008,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57077075,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.9044181704521179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7797269821166992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.766807496547699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wi-fi","display_name":"Wi-Fi","score":0.6977406740188599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.6127752065658569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5853041410446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5205636620521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.507621169090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.49154505133628845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4746164381504059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-lan","display_name":"Wireless lan","score":0.44120365381240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3666544258594513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34207427501678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.3088091313838959}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.9044181704521179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7797269821166992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.766807496547699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C508800617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29643","display_name":"Wi-Fi","level":4,"score":0.6977406740188599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6127752065658569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5853041410446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5205636620521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.507621169090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49154505133628845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4746164381504059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985434377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212607","display_name":"Wireless lan","level":3,"score":0.44120365381240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3666544258594513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34207427501678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.3088091313838959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcspring.2015.7146079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2015.7146079","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE 81st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1539386741","https://openalex.org/W1889684668","https://openalex.org/W1983409070","https://openalex.org/W2042696029","https://openalex.org/W2051336518","https://openalex.org/W2054502961","https://openalex.org/W2065171605","https://openalex.org/W2103236029","https://openalex.org/W2108482152","https://openalex.org/W2113971713","https://openalex.org/W2117668287","https://openalex.org/W2117757576","https://openalex.org/W2145408159","https://openalex.org/W2159405390","https://openalex.org/W2163817142","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W2170858770","https://openalex.org/W2318379126","https://openalex.org/W6685372642"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1594344721","https://openalex.org/W1970682723","https://openalex.org/W2383599958","https://openalex.org/W2954367391","https://openalex.org/W1624169210","https://openalex.org/W2087837871","https://openalex.org/W2371487605","https://openalex.org/W2381875166","https://openalex.org/W2348511021","https://openalex.org/W2128148671"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,19],"Wireless":[1],"Local":[2],"Area":[3],"Network":[4],"(WLAN)":[5],"positioning":[6,14,124],"system,":[7],"the":[8,16,73,89,106,109,114,122,127,131,141,148,156,162,169],"most":[9],"popular":[10],"solution":[11],"for":[12],"RSS-based":[13],"is":[15],"fingerprinting":[17],"architecture.":[18],"this":[20],"paper,":[21],"we":[22],"present":[23],"a":[24,35,100],"novel":[25],"algorithm,":[26],"known":[27],"as":[28],"Semi-supervised":[29],"Discriminant":[30],"Embedding":[31],"(SDE),":[32],"to":[33,65,105,146],"reconstruct":[34],"radio":[36],"map":[37],"by":[38],"using":[39],"real-time":[40],"signalstrength":[41],"values":[42],"received":[43],"at":[44],"random":[45],"points.":[46],"Instead":[47],"of":[48,57,133,151,158],"deploying":[49],"dense":[50],"reference":[51],"points,":[52],"our":[53,96],"approach":[54],"takes":[55],"advantage":[56],"less":[58],"labeled":[59],"data":[60,64],"and":[61,165],"partial":[62],"unlabeled":[63],"transform":[66],"into":[67],"lowerdimensional":[68],"feature":[69],"signals.":[70],"Through":[71],"solving":[72],"objective":[74],"functions":[75],"optimization,":[76],"with":[77,99],"strong":[78],"discriminative":[79],"features":[80],"in":[81,88,95,121,140,144,161,168],"Receive":[82],"Signal":[83],"Strength":[84],"(RSS)":[85],"are":[86,172],"retained":[87],"low-dimensional":[90],"space.":[91],"We":[92],"conducted":[93],"experiments":[94],"office":[97],"area":[98],"realistic":[101],"WLAN":[102],"environment.":[103,125],"Compared":[104],"traditional":[107,152],"methods,":[108],"experimental":[110],"results":[111,128],"show":[112,130],"that":[113],"proposed":[115,142],"algorithm":[116,143],"has":[117],"considerable":[118],"accuracy":[119,150],"improvement":[120],"same":[123],"Furthermore,":[126],"also":[129],"size":[132],"training":[134],"samples":[135],"can":[136],"be":[137],"greatly":[138],"reduced":[139],"order":[145],"achieve":[147],"similar":[149],"approaches.":[153],"That":[154],"is,":[155],"cost":[157],"collecting":[159],"fingerprints":[160],"offline":[163],"stage":[164,171],"calibrating":[166],"database":[167],"online":[170],"thus":[173],"reduced.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}