{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1559313730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2015.7146071","title":"SDR-Based Network Impersonation Attack in GSM-Compatible Networks","display_name":"SDR-Based Network Impersonation Attack in GSM-Compatible Networks","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1559313730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2015.7146071","mag":"1559313730"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcspring.2015.7146071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2015.7146071","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE 81st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037271179","display_name":"Santiago Aragon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187481652","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Aut\u00f3nomo de M\u00e9xico","ror":"https://ror.org/029md1766","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187481652"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Santiago Aragon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digital Systems, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Aut\u00f3nomo de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City, Mexico","Dept. of Digital Syst., Inst. Tecnol\u03bfgico Aut\u03bfnomo de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digital Systems, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Aut\u00f3nomo de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187481652"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Digital Syst., Inst. Tecnol\u03bfgico Aut\u03bfnomo de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187481652"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085702379","display_name":"F. Kuhlmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187481652","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Aut\u00f3nomo de M\u00e9xico","ror":"https://ror.org/029md1766","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187481652"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federico Kuhlmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digital Systems, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Aut\u00f3nomo de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City, Mexico","Dept. of Digital Syst., Inst. Tecnol\u03bfgico Aut\u03bfnomo de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digital Systems, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Aut\u00f3nomo de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187481652"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Digital Syst., Inst. Tecnol\u03bfgico Aut\u03bfnomo de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187481652"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053404198","display_name":"Tania Fern\u00e1ndez Villa","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tania Villa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Federal de Telecomunicaciones, Mexico City, Mexico","Inst. Fed. de Telecomun., Mexico City, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Federal de Telecomunicaciones, Mexico City, Mexico","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. Fed. de Telecomun., Mexico City, Mexico","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6192,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91211811,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gsm","display_name":"GSM","score":0.8724144697189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-data-point","display_name":"Service data point","score":0.7376497387886047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7175394296646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6891413927078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/customised-applications-for-mobile-networks-enhanced-logic","display_name":"Customised Applications for Mobile networks Enhanced Logic","score":0.6869277358055115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.6710561513900757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backward-compatibility","display_name":"Backward compatibility","score":0.598247766494751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5921053886413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-telephony","display_name":"Mobile telephony","score":0.5318633913993835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.525503396987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subscriber-identity-module","display_name":"Subscriber identity module","score":0.46571922302246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.46497344970703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.46123600006103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-station","display_name":"Mobile station","score":0.3707807958126068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gsm-services","display_name":"GSM services","score":0.3657851815223694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-radio","display_name":"Mobile radio","score":0.1980953812599182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handset","display_name":"Handset","score":0.1220761239528656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59201141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46904","display_name":"GSM","level":2,"score":0.8724144697189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58833834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7455738","display_name":"Service data point","level":5,"score":0.7376497387886047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7175394296646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6891413927078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124505010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1146276","display_name":"Customised Applications for Mobile networks Enhanced Logic","level":5,"score":0.6869277358055115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.6710561513900757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20574231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844605","display_name":"Backward compatibility","level":2,"score":0.598247766494751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5921053886413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.5318633913993835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.525503396987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40367706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230110","display_name":"Subscriber identity module","level":3,"score":0.46571922302246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.46497344970703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.46123600006103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384018","display_name":"Mobile station","level":3,"score":0.3707807958126068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205789325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15811187","display_name":"GSM services","level":4,"score":0.3657851815223694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781307350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887221","display_name":"Mobile radio","level":2,"score":0.1980953812599182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779971919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378949","display_name":"Handset","level":2,"score":0.1220761239528656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcspring.2015.7146071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2015.7146071","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE 81st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515743791","https://openalex.org/W1530641554","https://openalex.org/W1972442081","https://openalex.org/W1979293059","https://openalex.org/W2102096888","https://openalex.org/W2122653500","https://openalex.org/W2145795477","https://openalex.org/W2184558996"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386552058","https://openalex.org/W1480892345","https://openalex.org/W1521201677","https://openalex.org/W1500715987","https://openalex.org/W1559313730","https://openalex.org/W2206380731","https://openalex.org/W2735348609","https://openalex.org/W1989869042","https://openalex.org/W4293577061","https://openalex.org/W1599677143"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"the":[1,35,43,51,61,66,71,91,97,110,126,134,137,170,196,207,220],"rapid":[2],"change":[3],"in":[4,206],"cellular":[5,40,76],"technologies,":[6],"Mobile":[7,23],"Network":[8],"Operators":[9],"(MNOs)":[10],"keep":[11,93],"a":[12,121,143,163],"high":[13],"percentage":[14],"of":[15,65,100,130,142,195],"their":[16,187],"deployed":[17],"infrastructure":[18],"using":[19,150],"Global":[20],"System":[21],"for":[22,39],"communications":[24,176],"(GSM)":[25],"technologies.":[26],"With":[27],"about":[28],"3.5":[29],"billion":[30],"subscribers,":[31],"GSM":[32,101,127,165,222],"remains":[33],"as":[34],"de":[36],"facto":[37],"standard":[38,52],"communications.":[41],"However,":[42],"security":[44,62,88],"criteria":[45],"envisioned":[46],"30":[47],"years":[48],"ago,":[49],"when":[50],"was":[53],"designed,":[54],"are":[55,178],"no":[56],"longer":[57],"sufficient":[58],"to":[59,79,115,168,217],"ensure":[60],"and":[63,108,112,136,157,172,183,199],"privacy":[64],"users.":[67],"Furthermore,":[68],"even":[69],"with":[70],"newest":[72],"fourth":[73],"generation":[74],"(4G)":[75],"technologies":[77],"starting":[78],"be":[80,204],"deployed,":[81],"these":[82,201],"networks":[83],"could":[84],"never":[85],"achieve":[86],"strong":[87],"guarantees":[89],"because":[90],"MNOs":[92],"backwards-":[94],"compatibility":[95],"given":[96],"huge":[98],"amount":[99],"subscribers.":[102],"In":[103],"this":[104],"paper,":[105],"we":[106,161,190],"present":[107],"describe":[109],"tools":[111],"necessary":[113],"steps":[114],"perform":[116],"an":[117],"active":[118],"attack":[119,140,147],"against":[120],"GSM-compatible":[122],"network,":[123],"by":[124],"exploiting":[125],"protocol":[128,197],"lack":[129],"mutual":[131],"authentication":[132],"between":[133],"subscribers":[135],"network.":[138],"The":[139],"consists":[141],"so-called":[144],"man-in-the-":[145],"middle":[146],"implementation.":[148],"By":[149],"Software":[151],"Defined":[152],"Radio":[153],"(SDR),":[154],"open-source":[155],"libraries":[156],"open-":[158],"source":[159],"hardware,":[160],"setup":[162],"fake":[164],"base":[166],"station":[167],"impersonate":[169],"network":[171],"therefore":[173],"eavesdrop":[174],"any":[175],"that":[177],"being":[179],"routed":[180],"through":[181],"it":[182],"extract":[184],"information":[185],"from":[186],"victims.":[188],"Finally,":[189],"point":[191],"out":[192],"some":[193],"implications":[194],"vulnerabilities":[198],"how":[200],"can":[202],"not":[203],"mitigated":[205],"short":[208],"term":[209],"since":[210],"4G":[211],"deployments":[212],"will":[213],"take":[214],"long":[215],"time":[216],"entirely":[218],"replace":[219],"current":[221],"infrastructure.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}