{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2061597183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2014.7022832","title":"Angle Diversity for an Indoor Cellular Visible Light Communication System","display_name":"Angle Diversity for an Indoor Cellular Visible Light Communication System","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2061597183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2014.7022832","mag":"2061597183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcspring.2014.7022832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2014.7022832","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE 79th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118899930","display_name":"Zhe Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7613-4115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Digital Communications, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","[Li-Fi R&D Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Digital Communications, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Li-Fi R&D Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000127961","display_name":"Nikola Serafimovski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikola Serafimovski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Digital Communications, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","[Li-Fi R&D Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Digital Communications, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Li-Fi R&D Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074320996","display_name":"Harald Haas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9705-2701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harald Haas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Digital Communications, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","[Li-Fi R&D Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Digital Communications, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Li-Fi R&D Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximal-ratio-combining","display_name":"Maximal-ratio combining","score":0.797095775604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.6900008320808411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-combining","display_name":"Diversity combining","score":0.6502506136894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photodiode","display_name":"Photodiode","score":0.611419141292572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5996341705322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5943981409072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-wireless","display_name":"Optical wireless","score":0.5812757015228271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio","score":0.5798723697662354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.5518218278884888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5379171371459961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5361511707305908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.5347083806991577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-gain","display_name":"Diversity gain","score":0.5176815986633301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4855344295501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-scheme","display_name":"Diversity scheme","score":0.48140954971313477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4666210412979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.37400442361831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20947161316871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18658247590065002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.17789900302886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.17595666646957397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.1628132164478302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14440613985061646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86024645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795632","display_name":"Maximal-ratio combining","level":4,"score":0.797095775604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.6900008320808411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136817519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947493","display_name":"Diversity combining","level":4,"score":0.6502506136894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C751236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175943","display_name":"Photodiode","level":2,"score":0.611419141292572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5996341705322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5943981409072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781305180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098907","display_name":"Optical wireless","level":3,"score":0.5812757015228271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98824394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4035626","display_name":"Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio","level":3,"score":0.5798723697662354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.5518218278884888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5379171371459961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5361511707305908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.5347083806991577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164785522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283966","display_name":"Diversity gain","level":4,"score":0.5176815986633301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4855344295501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198746922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230593","display_name":"Diversity scheme","level":4,"score":0.48140954971313477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4666210412979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.37400442361831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20947161316871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18658247590065002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.17789900302886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.17595666646957397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.1628132164478302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14440613985061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcspring.2014.7022832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2014.7022832","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE 79th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2037854724","https://openalex.org/W2101176607","https://openalex.org/W2105935781","https://openalex.org/W2109430601","https://openalex.org/W2111854329","https://openalex.org/W2125876899","https://openalex.org/W2127338131","https://openalex.org/W2154202819","https://openalex.org/W2316261506","https://openalex.org/W2987779866","https://openalex.org/W3143832670","https://openalex.org/W6682591458"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2143399769","https://openalex.org/W2158377753","https://openalex.org/W2117281822","https://openalex.org/W2105361267","https://openalex.org/W2061597183","https://openalex.org/W2098133854","https://openalex.org/W2542599694","https://openalex.org/W2154117878","https://openalex.org/W2097235351","https://openalex.org/W4225937863"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,92],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"investigate":[4],"the":[5,23,39,47,52,58,69,73,94,97,101,114],"benefits":[6],"of":[7,26,78],"an":[8,14],"angle":[9],"diversity":[10],"receiver":[11,75],"(ADR)":[12],"in":[13,76],"indoor":[15],"cellular":[16],"optical":[17],"wireless":[18],"communications":[19],"(OWC)":[20],"network.":[21],"As":[22],"ADR":[24,70,95],"consists":[25],"multiple":[27],"photodiodes":[28],"(PDs),":[29],"a":[30],"proper":[31],"signal":[32,80],"combining":[33,50,55,61],"scheme":[34,99],"is":[35,110],"essential":[36],"to":[37,81,113],"optimise":[38],"system":[40],"performance.":[41],"Therefore,":[42],"three":[43],"different":[44],"combination":[45],"schemes,":[46],"equal":[48],"gain":[49],"(EGC),":[51],"select":[53],"best":[54,102],"(SBC)":[56],"and":[57,87],"maximum":[59],"ratio":[60,85],"(MRC),":[62],"are":[63],"investigated.":[64],"The":[65],"results":[66],"indicate":[67],"that":[68],"significantly":[71],"outperforms":[72],"single-PD":[74,115],"terms":[77],"both":[79],"interference":[82],"plus":[83],"noise":[84],"(SINR)":[86],"area":[88],"spectral":[89],"efficiency":[90],"(ASE).":[91],"particular,":[93],"implementing":[96],"MRC":[98],"achieves":[100],"performance,":[103],"where":[104],"over":[105],"40":[106],"dB":[107],"SINR":[108],"improvement":[109],"attained":[111],"compared":[112],"receiver.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}