{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2987443611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2019.8891291","title":"Enhanced Proof-of-Benefit: A Secure Blockchain-Enabled EV Charging System","display_name":"Enhanced Proof-of-Benefit: A Secure Blockchain-Enabled EV Charging System","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2987443611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2019.8891291","mag":"2987443611"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcfall.2019.8891291","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2019.8891291","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 90th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100731852","display_name":"Chao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4324-6409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072260333","display_name":"Kok Keong Chai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9635-2956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kok Keong Chai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101606481","display_name":"Xiaoshuai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5155-122X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoshuai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100454816","display_name":"Yue Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4308-1571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100731852"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8346,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74586619,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11091","display_name":"Extraction and Separation Processes","score":0.9467999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9157195091247559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5903066992759705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-of-concept","display_name":"Proof of concept","score":0.5671712160110474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.48808443546295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.17247816920280457}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9157195091247559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5903066992759705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124978682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201019","display_name":"Proof of concept","level":2,"score":0.5671712160110474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.48808443546295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.17247816920280457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcfall.2019.8891291","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2019.8891291","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 90th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019857079","https://openalex.org/W2089525884","https://openalex.org/W2095814382","https://openalex.org/W2114407468","https://openalex.org/W2126377116","https://openalex.org/W2159478453","https://openalex.org/W2183126124","https://openalex.org/W2189515146","https://openalex.org/W2567666263","https://openalex.org/W2571183599","https://openalex.org/W2621205427","https://openalex.org/W2762888877","https://openalex.org/W2765445941","https://openalex.org/W2770637870","https://openalex.org/W2802219065","https://openalex.org/W2855040158","https://openalex.org/W3103085478","https://openalex.org/W3121702888","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W6678700732","https://openalex.org/W6686086662"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"emergence":[1],"of":[2,59,125],"blockchain":[3],"technology":[4],"brings":[5],"opportunities":[6],"for":[7,31,70],"the":[8,13,19,40,54,60,65,72,75,78,86,94,120,127,139],"transactional":[9],"energy":[10],"to":[11,35,52],"minimize":[12],"time":[14],"gap":[15],"and":[16,37,57,91,110],"cost":[17],"in":[18,74],"trading":[20],"process.":[21],"This":[22],"paper":[23],"proposes":[24],"a":[25],"public":[26,95],"power":[27,41,80,96,133],"exchange":[28,62,97],"service":[29],"network":[30,76,82],"Electric":[32],"Vehicles":[33],"(EV)":[34],"charge":[36],"discharge":[38],"from":[39],"grid.":[42],"An":[43],"enhanced":[44],"novel":[45],"consensus":[46,101,114,121],"mechanism":[47],"Proof-of-Benefit":[48],"(ePoB)":[49],"is":[50,123],"proposed":[51],"improve":[53],"protocol":[55,102,122],"security":[56],"performance":[58,83],"electricity":[61],"system.":[63],"Furthermore,":[64],"benefit":[66],"number":[67],"generation":[68],"algorithm":[69],"choosing":[71],"leader":[73],"guarantees":[77],"overall":[79],"grid":[81],"by":[84],"minimizing":[85],"load":[87,134],"variance.":[88],"Through":[89],"theoretical":[90],"experimental":[92],"analysis,":[93],"system":[98],"with":[99,138],"ePoB":[100],"achieves":[103],"higher":[104],"scalability":[105],"than":[106],"Proof-":[107],"of-Work":[108],"(PoW)":[109],"Paxo-based":[111],"or":[112],"BFT-based":[113],"protocols.":[115],"Also,":[116],"it":[117],"demonstrates":[118],"that":[119],"capable":[124],"withstanding":[126],"Sybil":[128],"attack":[129],"while":[130],"achieving":[131],"lower":[132],"fluctuation":[135],"level":[136],"compared":[137],"benchmark.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}