{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2947597115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2019.8891273","title":"Towards Practical Indoor Positioning Based on Massive MIMO Systems","display_name":"Towards Practical Indoor Positioning Based on Massive MIMO Systems","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2947597115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2019.8891273","mag":"2947597115"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcfall.2019.8891273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2019.8891273","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 90th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.11858","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039841567","display_name":"Mark Widmaier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3353-0305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Widmaier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Telecommunications, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","Univ. of Stuttgart#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Telecommunications, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Stuttgart#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049468665","display_name":"Maximilian Arnold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2961-5570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maximilian Arnold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Telecommunications, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","Univ. of Stuttgart#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Telecommunications, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Stuttgart#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088838764","display_name":"Sebastian D\u00f6rner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4396-1082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Dorner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","Univ. of Stuttgart#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Stuttgart#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018506109","display_name":"Sebastian Cammerer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7614-5156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Cammerer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Telecommunications, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","Univ. of Stuttgart#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Telecommunications, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Stuttgart#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034116116","display_name":"Stephan ten Brink","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1502-2571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephan ten Brink","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","Univ. of Stuttgart#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Stuttgart#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.805486798286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6783435940742493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.6312551498413086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6066038012504578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.5584126114845276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.5577490925788879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5460644960403442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extractor","display_name":"Extractor","score":0.5388310551643372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5298181772232056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.49368390440940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.38397377729415894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36531272530555725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3454698622226715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3425303101539612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.20478636026382446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.16866979002952576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11180388927459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08446246385574341}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.805486798286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6783435940742493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.6312551498413086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6066038012504578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5584126114845276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.5577490925788879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5460644960403442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117978034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422192","display_name":"Extractor","level":2,"score":0.5388310551643372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5298181772232056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.49368390440940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.38397377729415894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36531272530555725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3454698622226715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3425303101539612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.20478636026382446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.16866979002952576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11180388927459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08446246385574341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcfall.2019.8891273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2019.8891273","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 90th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1905.11858","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1905.11858","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.11858","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2947597115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/1905.11858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1905.11858","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.11858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1905.11858","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1905.11858","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.11858","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947597115.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947597115.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W271493032","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W2046033161","https://openalex.org/W2074490326","https://openalex.org/W2094655360","https://openalex.org/W2162718622","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W2296766323","https://openalex.org/W2538535315","https://openalex.org/W2551222976","https://openalex.org/W2584943905","https://openalex.org/W2604490975","https://openalex.org/W2734408173","https://openalex.org/W2739582838","https://openalex.org/W2753866421","https://openalex.org/W2769811483","https://openalex.org/W2774684174","https://openalex.org/W2775795276","https://openalex.org/W2796919480","https://openalex.org/W2809356669","https://openalex.org/W2889168274","https://openalex.org/W2896513769","https://openalex.org/W2898334231","https://openalex.org/W2901973837","https://openalex.org/W2920458626","https://openalex.org/W2962927793","https://openalex.org/W2963809637","https://openalex.org/W3102810829","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6729790184","https://openalex.org/W6735839387","https://openalex.org/W6747218270","https://openalex.org/W6754980177","https://openalex.org/W6756397451","https://openalex.org/W6760785824"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3212271975","https://openalex.org/W3055490769","https://openalex.org/W2973622361","https://openalex.org/W3005360514","https://openalex.org/W2982348880","https://openalex.org/W3105515454","https://openalex.org/W3100905395","https://openalex.org/W3126472979","https://openalex.org/W2188158166","https://openalex.org/W3177510987","https://openalex.org/W2779137193","https://openalex.org/W3037339607","https://openalex.org/W3105248137","https://openalex.org/W3174871729","https://openalex.org/W3037338728","https://openalex.org/W3013134448","https://openalex.org/W2550957847","https://openalex.org/W2887117815","https://openalex.org/W2957432628","https://openalex.org/W3166742573"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,107],"showcase":[1],"the":[2,17,34,56,64,101,130,145,157,163,172,184,191,203,206],"practicability":[3],"of":[4,22,36,58,93,100,103,123,151,159,171,178,193,205],"an":[5,77],"indoor":[6,112],"positioning":[7],"system":[8,49],"(IPS)":[9],"solely":[10],"based":[11],"on":[12,33],"neural":[13],"networks":[14],"(NNs)":[15],"and":[16,84,165,169,181],"channel":[18],"state":[19],"information":[20],"(CSI)":[21],"a":[23,52,72,89,98,120,149],"(Massive)":[24],"multiple-input":[25],"multiple-output":[26],"(MIMO)":[27],"communication":[28],"system,":[29],"i.e.,":[30,140],"only":[31],"build":[32],"basis":[35],"data":[37,209],"that":[38,167],"is":[39],"already":[40],"existent":[41],"in":[42,183],"today's":[43],"systems.":[44],"As":[45],"such":[46],"our":[47],"IPS":[48],"promises":[50],"both,":[51],"good":[53],"accuracy":[54,147],"without":[55],"need":[57],"any":[59],"additional":[60,78],"protocol/signaling":[61],"overhead":[62],"for":[63,111,136],"user":[65],"localization":[66],"task.":[67],"In":[68,129],"particular,":[69],"we":[70,143,155],"propose":[71],"tailored":[73],"NN":[74,173],"structure":[75],"with":[76,114],"phase":[79],"branch":[80],"as":[81],"feature":[82],"extractor":[83],"(compared":[85],"to":[86,97,116,175],"previous":[87],"results)":[88],"significantly":[90],"reduced":[91],"amount":[92,102,192],"trainable":[94],"parameters,":[95],"leading":[96],"minimization":[99],"required":[104,194],"training":[105,195,208],"data.":[106],"provide":[108],"actual":[109],"measurements":[110,164],"scenarios":[113],"up":[115],"64":[117],"antennas":[118],"covering":[119],"large":[121],"area":[122],"80m":[124],"<sup":[125],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[126],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[127],".":[128],"second":[131],"part,":[132],"several":[133,152],"robustness":[134],"investigations":[135],"real-measurements":[137],"are":[138],"conducted,":[139],"once":[141],"trained,":[142],"analyze":[144,156],"recall":[146],"over":[148,187],"period":[150],"days.":[153],"Further,":[154],"impact":[158],"pedestrians":[160],"walking":[161],"in-between":[162],"show":[166],"finetuning":[168],"pre-training":[170],"helps":[174],"mitigate":[176],"effects":[177],"hardware":[179],"drifts":[180],"alterations":[182],"propagation":[185],"environment":[186],"time.":[188],"This":[189],"reduces":[190],"samples":[196],"at":[197],"equal":[198],"precision":[199],"and,":[200],"thereby,":[201],"decreases":[202],"effort":[204],"costly":[207],"acquisition.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}