{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2983690131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2019.8891251","title":"Blind Modulation Classification for OFDM in the Presence of Timing, Frequency, and Phase Offsets","display_name":"Blind Modulation Classification for OFDM in the Presence of Timing, Frequency, and Phase Offsets","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2983690131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2019.8891251","mag":"2983690131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcfall.2019.8891251","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2019.8891251","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 90th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101986934","display_name":"Rahul Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9370-1820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132153292","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Patna","ror":"https://ror.org/01ft5vz71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahul Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Patna, India","Indian Institute of Technology, Patna, Patna, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Patna, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology, Patna, Patna, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076573327","display_name":"Sushant Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1815-6647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132153292","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Patna","ror":"https://ror.org/01ft5vz71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sushant Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Patna, India","Indian Institute of Technology, Patna, Patna, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Patna, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology, Patna, Patna, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069214588","display_name":"Sudhan Majhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2142-1862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132153292","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Patna","ror":"https://ror.org/01ft5vz71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudhan Majhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Patna, India","Indian Institute of Technology, Patna, Patna, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Patna, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology, Patna, Patna, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9527000188827515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.942799985408783,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.9098690748214722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.7287633419036865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.6911635994911194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5743604898452759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.566822350025177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude-and-phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Amplitude and phase-shift keying","score":0.535532534122467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qam","display_name":"QAM","score":0.5276438593864441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4670770466327667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.44164618849754333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4126889407634735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.33257347345352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.27516186237335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.26424190402030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14203500747680664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13454660773277283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.055177152156829834}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.9098690748214722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.7287633419036865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.6911635994911194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5743604898452759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.566822350025177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127240579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477229","display_name":"Amplitude and phase-shift keying","level":5,"score":0.535532534122467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59030546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7265371","display_name":"QAM","level":5,"score":0.5276438593864441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4670770466327667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.44164618849754333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4126889407634735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.33257347345352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.27516186237335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.26424190402030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14203500747680664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13454660773277283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.055177152156829834}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcfall.2019.8891251","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2019.8891251","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 90th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964894967","https://openalex.org/W1972973610","https://openalex.org/W1978712645","https://openalex.org/W1981761315","https://openalex.org/W2005956500","https://openalex.org/W2048654658","https://openalex.org/W2131141919","https://openalex.org/W2132305759","https://openalex.org/W2142363115","https://openalex.org/W2147735901","https://openalex.org/W2170778725","https://openalex.org/W2533918025","https://openalex.org/W2606327398","https://openalex.org/W2609800471","https://openalex.org/W2734908518","https://openalex.org/W2785351074","https://openalex.org/W2803445619","https://openalex.org/W2893465991","https://openalex.org/W2940183989","https://openalex.org/W6754871543"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2893995248","https://openalex.org/W2148868771","https://openalex.org/W2085207364","https://openalex.org/W1993069619","https://openalex.org/W2366061186","https://openalex.org/W1991253387","https://openalex.org/W2003011219","https://openalex.org/W2184919146","https://openalex.org/W3214132040","https://openalex.org/W2130843768"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,43,96],"blind":[4],"modulation":[5,47,67,111,139],"classification":[6],"(MC)":[7],"algorithm":[8,23,150],"for":[9,69],"linearly":[10],"modulated":[11],"signals":[12],"of":[13,37,46,89,126,129,146],"orthogonal":[14],"frequency":[15,103],"division":[16],"multiplexing":[17],"(OFDM)":[18],"system.":[19],"The":[20,141],"proposed":[21,148],"MC":[22,149],"works":[24],"with":[25,155],"unknown":[26],"frequency,":[27],"timing,":[28],"and":[29,32,64,94,109,137,144,153],"phase":[30],"offsets":[31],"without":[33],"the":[34,84,90,114,117,124,127,130,147,156],"prior":[35],"requirement":[36],"channel":[38],"statistics.":[39],"In":[40],"this":[41],"research,":[42],"larger":[44],"pool":[45],"formats,":[48],"i.e.,":[49],"binary":[50],"phase-shift":[51],"keying":[52,62],"(BPSK),":[53],"quadrature":[54],"PSK":[55],"(QPSK),":[56],"offset":[57],"QPSK":[58,138],"(OQPSK),":[59],"minimum":[60],"shift":[61],"(MSK),":[63],"16-quadrature":[65],"amplitude":[66],"(16-QAM)":[68],"OFDM":[70,92,132],"signal":[71,93,133],"has":[72],"been":[73],"classified.":[74],"Classification":[75],"takes":[76],"place":[77],"in":[78,102],"two":[79],"stages.":[80],"First,":[81],"we":[82],"compute":[83],"discrete":[85],"Fourier":[86],"transform":[87],"(DFT)":[88],"received":[91,131],"then":[95],"normalized":[97,118],"fourth-order":[98,119],"cumulant":[99,120],"is":[100,121],"used":[101,122],"domain":[104],"to":[105,134],"classify":[106,135],"OQPSK,":[107],"MSK,":[108],"16-QAM":[110],"formats.":[112,140],"At":[113],"second":[115],"stage,":[116],"on":[123],"DFT":[125],"square":[128],"BPSK":[136],"success":[142],"rate":[143],"computation":[145],"are":[151],"evaluated":[152],"compared":[154],"previous":[157],"methods.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
