{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2986245667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2019.8891219","title":"GPS Calculated Distance Error Improvement by Planar Approximation of Pseudo Range in Many Skyscrapers Environments","display_name":"GPS Calculated Distance Error Improvement by Planar Approximation of Pseudo Range in Many Skyscrapers Environments","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2986245667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2019.8891219","mag":"2986245667"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcfall.2019.8891219","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2019.8891219","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 90th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108696106","display_name":"Toshinari Hayakawa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116465919","display_name":"Kogakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wc2tq75","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116465919"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Toshinari Hayakawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan","Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116465919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116465919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067265116","display_name":"Norifumi Murai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116465919","display_name":"Kogakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wc2tq75","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116465919"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norifumi Murai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan","Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116465919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116465919"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110480680","display_name":"Takatoshi Sugiyama","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116465919","display_name":"Kogakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wc2tq75","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116465919"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takatoshi Sugiyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan","Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116465919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116465919"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108696106"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116465919"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3577,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61881876,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9715999960899353,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.8793333768844604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.683208167552948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gps-signals","display_name":"GPS signals","score":0.6708829402923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.6244366765022278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5458836555480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5395739078521729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar","display_name":"Planar","score":0.49026086926460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4768720269203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.46520668268203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.42980843782424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assisted-gps","display_name":"Assisted GPS","score":0.41494283080101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3449385166168213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2772984504699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.24199354648590088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2182123363018036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19640666246414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16531607508659363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.13004785776138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.09051159024238586}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.8793333768844604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.683208167552948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12957241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15903792","display_name":"GPS signals","level":4,"score":0.6708829402923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.6244366765022278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5458836555480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5395739078521729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134786449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255","display_name":"Planar","level":2,"score":0.49026086926460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4768720269203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.46520668268203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42980843782424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198613851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432394","display_name":"Assisted GPS","level":3,"score":0.41494283080101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3449385166168213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2772984504699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.24199354648590088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2182123363018036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19640666246414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16531607508659363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.13004785776138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.09051159024238586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcfall.2019.8891219","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2019.8891219","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 90th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1863471956","https://openalex.org/W1974097994","https://openalex.org/W2096689096","https://openalex.org/W2143802618","https://openalex.org/W2148595315","https://openalex.org/W4233552972","https://openalex.org/W6638966615","https://openalex.org/W6681374347"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4248597968","https://openalex.org/W2054128315","https://openalex.org/W2126904819","https://openalex.org/W2386611723","https://openalex.org/W1974846654","https://openalex.org/W2095430614","https://openalex.org/W2161629363","https://openalex.org/W1983404271","https://openalex.org/W2545442221","https://openalex.org/W1987503182"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,42,94],"difficult":[2],"to":[3,49,96,165],"receive":[4],"GPS":[5,8,18,77,139,168],"signals":[6,19,59,67,78,104],"from":[7],"satellites":[9],"directly":[10],"in":[11,88],"many":[12,16,89],"skyscrapers":[13,90],"environments.":[14,91],"So,":[15],"reflected":[17,58,66,103],"make":[20],"the":[21,36,45,57,65,73,98,102,128,133,137,148,166],"calculated":[22,51,149],"distance":[23,52,150,156],"error":[24,53,151,157],"performance":[25,158],"worst":[26],"because":[27],"of":[28,35,44,75,101,130],"their":[29],"longer":[30],"pseudo":[31,99],"ranges":[32,100],"than":[33,82],"those":[34],"direct":[37],"signals.":[38],"The":[39],"elevation":[40,86,110],"mask":[41,87],"one":[43],"most":[46],"effective":[47],"technologies":[48],"improve":[50],"performances":[54],"by":[55,84,109,136,162],"eliminating":[56,108],"as":[60],"possible.":[61],"But,":[62],"assuming":[63],"that":[64,125],"are":[68,107],"eliminated":[69],"for":[70,153],"position":[71,169],"calculation,":[72],"number":[74,129],"receivable":[76],"might":[79],"be":[80],"less":[81],"4":[83],"larger":[85],"Therefore,":[92],"it":[93],"likely":[95],"use":[97],"aggressively":[105],"which":[106],"mask.":[111],"In":[112],"this":[113],"paper,":[114],"we":[115],"propose":[116],"a":[117],"planar":[118],"approximation":[119],"method":[120],"and":[121,132],"an":[122],"estimation":[123],"model":[124],"can":[126],"estimates":[127],"reflections":[131],"incident":[134],"angles":[135],"received":[138],"signal":[140],"power.":[141],"By":[142],"computer":[143],"simulation,":[144],"our":[145],"proposal":[146],"improves":[147],"performances,":[152],"example":[154],"maximum":[155],"had":[159],"been":[160],"improved":[161],"182.4m":[163],"compared":[164],"conventional":[167],"calculation.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
