{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2891740819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2018.8690810","title":"Accelerating Beam Sweeping in mmWave Standalone 5G New Radios Using Recurrent Neural Networks","display_name":"Accelerating Beam Sweeping in mmWave Standalone 5G New Radios Using Recurrent Neural Networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2891740819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2018.8690810","mag":"2891740819"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcfall.2018.8690810","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2018.8690810","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 88th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018685834","display_name":"Asim Mazin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2587-8971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Asim Mazin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015422883","display_name":"Mohamed Elkourdi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Elkourdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015360379","display_name":"Richard D. Gitlin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard D. Gitlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018685834"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6738,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85145607,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7460941672325134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7322843670845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5824346542358398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.5140513181686401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.5101897716522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.42674779891967773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.41555511951446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.389515221118927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.33045244216918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2696570158004761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.259737104177475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2569228410720825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1231805682182312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7460941672325134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7322843670845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5824346542358398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.5140513181686401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.5101897716522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.42674779891967773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41555511951446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.389515221118927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33045244216918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2696570158004761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.259737104177475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2569228410720825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1231805682182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcfall.2018.8690810","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2018.8690810","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 88th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1924770834","https://openalex.org/W2009447832","https://openalex.org/W2054692642","https://openalex.org/W2074011868","https://openalex.org/W2095843437","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2612810742","https://openalex.org/W2785517842","https://openalex.org/W2802431733","https://openalex.org/W3100270150","https://openalex.org/W4398299709"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2303288554","https://openalex.org/W3033750547","https://openalex.org/W2029216794","https://openalex.org/W4386698331","https://openalex.org/W2047225036","https://openalex.org/W2138314731","https://openalex.org/W2029263917","https://openalex.org/W2093207996","https://openalex.org/W2982446297","https://openalex.org/W2322468729"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Millimeter":[0],"wave":[1],"(mmWave)":[2],"is":[3,74,139,175],"a":[4,54,93,97,122],"key":[5],"technology":[6],"to":[7,24,59,63,83,178],"support":[8],"high":[9,27],"data":[10,142,171],"rate":[11],"demands":[12],"for":[13,26],"5G":[14],"applications.":[15],"Highly":[16],"directional":[17,33],"transmissions":[18],"are":[19],"crucial":[20],"at":[21],"these":[22],"frequencies":[23],"compensate":[25],"isotropic":[28],"pathloss.":[29],"This":[30,106],"reliance":[31],"on":[32,114,169],"beamforming,":[34],"however,":[35],"makes":[36,101],"the":[37,67,77,115,149,155,180,184],"cell":[38,68,188],"discovery":[39,69],"(cell":[40],"search)":[41],"challenging":[42],"since":[43],"both":[44],"base":[45],"station":[46],"(gNB)":[47],"and":[48,159],"user":[49,119],"equipment":[50],"(UE)":[51],"jointly":[52],"perform":[53],"search":[55],"over":[56],"angular":[57,78,185],"space":[58],"locate":[60],"potential":[61],"beams":[62],"initiate":[64],"communication.":[65],"In":[66],"phase,":[70],"sequential":[71],"beam":[72,109],"sweeping":[73,88,110,181],"performed":[75],"through":[76],"coverage":[79],"region":[80],"in":[81,143,183],"order":[82],"transmit":[84],"synchronization":[85],"signals.":[86],"The":[87,134],"pattern":[89,99,111,182],"can":[90,164],"either":[91],"be":[92,165],"linear":[94],"rotation":[95],"or":[96],"hopping":[98],"that":[100,154],"use":[102],"of":[103,118,124,137,148],"additional":[104],"information.":[105],"paper":[107],"proposes":[108],"prediction,":[112],"based":[113,168],"dynamic":[116],"distribution":[117,136,158],"traffic,":[120],"using":[121,172],"form":[123],"recurrent":[125],"neural":[126],"networks":[127],"(RNNs)":[128],"called":[129],"Gated":[130],"Recurrent":[131],"Unit":[132],"(GRU).":[133],"spatial":[135,157],"users":[138,156],"inferred":[140],"from":[141],"call":[144],"detail":[145],"records":[146],"(CDRs)":[147],"cellular":[150],"network.":[151],"Results":[152],"show":[153],"their":[160],"approximate":[161],"location":[162],"(direction)":[163],"accurately":[166],"predicted":[167],"CDRs":[170],"GRU,":[173],"which":[174],"then":[176],"used":[177],"calculate":[179],"domain":[186],"during":[187],"search.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
