{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2935989799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2018.8690583","title":"Impact of Timing Offset on Optical Spatial Pulse Position Modulation","display_name":"Impact of Timing Offset on Optical Spatial Pulse Position Modulation","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2935989799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2018.8690583","mag":"2935989799"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcfall.2018.8690583","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2018.8690583","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 88th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/2525a37a-e146-44d8-9950-2e92c9a6c6e4","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006556289","display_name":"Hammed G. Olanrewaju","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0362-165X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hammed G. Olanrewaju","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061430082","display_name":"John Thompson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4605-9708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Thompson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029906478","display_name":"Wasiu O. Popoola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2954-7902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wasiu O. Popoola","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006556289"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18634135,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.7106965780258179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.6613662838935852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6415050625801086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-position-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-position modulation","score":0.634934663772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersymbol-interference","display_name":"Intersymbol interference","score":0.5753580331802368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/utc-offset","display_name":"UTC offset","score":0.5478101968765259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5126010775566101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-wireless","display_name":"Optical wireless","score":0.4925104081630707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-offset","display_name":"Frequency offset","score":0.46017399430274963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-shaping","display_name":"Pulse shaping","score":0.42280113697052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3463378846645355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3353383243083954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.31029728055000305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.2658933401107788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","score":0.21596744656562805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.2007603645324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1932704746723175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15746909379959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.13733235001564026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.13091138005256653}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7106965780258179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.6613662838935852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6415050625801086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46035914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1767289","display_name":"Pulse-position modulation","level":5,"score":0.634934663772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97812054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166055","display_name":"Intersymbol interference","level":3,"score":0.5753580331802368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185588997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187110","display_name":"UTC offset","level":3,"score":0.5478101968765259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5126010775566101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781305180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098907","display_name":"Optical wireless","level":3,"score":0.4925104081630707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.46017399430274963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102755159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7259683","display_name":"Pulse shaping","level":3,"score":0.42280113697052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3463378846645355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3353383243083954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.31029728055000305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2658933401107788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186130","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.21596744656562805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.2007603645324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1932704746723175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15746909379959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.13733235001564026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.13091138005256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcfall.2018.8690583","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2018.8690583","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 88th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/2525a37a-e146-44d8-9950-2e92c9a6c6e4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/2525a37a-e146-44d8-9950-2e92c9a6c6e4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Olanrewaju, H, Thompson, J & Popoola, W 2019, Impact of Timing Offset on Optical Spatial Pulse Position Modulation. in 2018 IEEE 88th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Chicago, 2018 IEEE 88th Vehicular Technology Conference, Chicago, United States, 27/08/18. https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCFall.2018.8690583","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/2525a37a-e146-44d8-9950-2e92c9a6c6e4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/impact-of-timing-offset-on-optical-spatial-pulse-position-modulation(2525a37a-e146-44d8-9950-2e92c9a6c6e4).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/2525a37a-e146-44d8-9950-2e92c9a6c6e4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/2525a37a-e146-44d8-9950-2e92c9a6c6e4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Olanrewaju, H, Thompson, J & Popoola, W 2019, Impact of Timing Offset on Optical Spatial Pulse Position Modulation. in 2018 IEEE 88th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Chicago, 2018 IEEE 88th Vehicular Technology Conference, Chicago, United States, 27/08/18. https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCFall.2018.8690583","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503835506","https://openalex.org/W1966393174","https://openalex.org/W1971549192","https://openalex.org/W1982892759","https://openalex.org/W2054083867","https://openalex.org/W2079869742","https://openalex.org/W2088496743","https://openalex.org/W2105935781","https://openalex.org/W2119759398","https://openalex.org/W2120537910","https://openalex.org/W2130198719","https://openalex.org/W2130936630","https://openalex.org/W2149329661","https://openalex.org/W2151764418","https://openalex.org/W2163504740","https://openalex.org/W2344065342","https://openalex.org/W2599363562","https://openalex.org/W2735750152","https://openalex.org/W2798333393","https://openalex.org/W4300450205","https://openalex.org/W6677986625"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2114338864","https://openalex.org/W1545955208","https://openalex.org/W2010223751","https://openalex.org/W2095115291","https://openalex.org/W4246086341","https://openalex.org/W2129070468","https://openalex.org/W2028832455","https://openalex.org/W1874138541","https://openalex.org/W2894247043","https://openalex.org/W1972745407"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,9,37,43,57,78,92,99,105,110],"impact":[4],"of":[5,11,45,77,115,151],"timing":[6,65,126,144,152],"offset":[7,66,82,145,153],"on":[8,109],"performance":[10,141],"an":[12,116],"optical":[13,26,118],"spatial":[14,19,27,38],"modulation":[15,22,34],"(OSM)":[16],"technique":[17],"termed":[18],"pulse":[20,32],"position":[21,33],"(SPPM).":[23],"SPPM":[24],"combines":[25],"shift":[28],"keying":[29],"(OSSK)":[30],"with":[31],"(PPM),":[35],"exploiting":[36],"domain":[39],"to":[40,51,94,161],"improve":[41],"spectral":[42],"efficiency":[44],"PPM.":[46],"In":[47],"most":[48],"works":[49],"related":[50],"OSM,":[52],"a":[53,148,157],"perfect":[54],"synchronization":[55],"between":[56],"transmit":[58,79],"and":[59,72],"receive":[60],"units":[61],"is":[62,123,130],"assumed.":[63],"However,":[64],"can":[67,87],"result":[68],"from":[69],"clock":[70],"jitter":[71],"variation":[73],"in":[74],"propagation":[75],"delay":[76],"paths.":[80],"Timing":[81],"introduces":[83],"intersymbol":[84],"interference":[85],"which":[86],"degrade":[88],"system":[89,121],"performance,":[90],"hence":[91],"need":[93],"investigate":[95],"its":[96],"effect.":[97],"Using":[98],"union":[100],"bound":[101,108],"technique,":[102],"we":[103],"derive":[104],"analytical":[106],"upper":[107],"symbol":[111],"error":[112,140],"rate":[113],"(SER)":[114],"SPPM-based":[117],"wireless":[119],"communication":[120],"that":[122,139],"impaired":[124],"by":[125],"offset.":[127],"The":[128],"analysis":[129],"validated":[131],"via":[132],"closely":[133],"matching":[134],"simulation":[135],"results.":[136],"Results":[137],"show":[138],"degrades":[142],"as":[143],"increases.":[146],"For":[147],"small":[149],"range":[150],"values,":[154],"OSSK":[155],"shows":[156],"better":[158],"tolerance":[159],"compared":[160],"SPPM.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}