{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2785942333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2017.8288250","title":"Cram\u00e9r-Rao Bound Analysis of Wi-Fi Indoor Localization Using Fingerprint and Assistant Nodes","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r-Rao Bound Analysis of Wi-Fi Indoor Localization Using Fingerprint and Assistant Nodes","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2785942333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2017.8288250","mag":"2785942333"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcfall.2017.8288250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2017.8288250","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 86th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032143076","display_name":"Qiyue Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9399-8759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiyue Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sch. of Electr. Eng. &amp; Autom., Hefei Univ. of Technol., Hefei, China","School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. Eng. &amp; Autom., Hefei Univ. of Technol., Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100649427","display_name":"Li Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8484-0861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sch. of Electr. Eng. &amp; Autom., Hefei Univ. of Technol., Hefei, China","School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. Eng. &amp; Autom., Hefei Univ. of Technol., Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083675785","display_name":"Wei Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-0597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sch. of Electr. Eng. &amp; Autom., Hefei Univ. of Technol., Hefei, China","School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. Eng. &amp; Autom., Hefei Univ. of Technol., Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100428183","display_name":"Jie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8483-6240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sch. of Comput. &amp; Inf., Hefei Univ. of Technol., Hefei, China","School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Comput. &amp; Inf., Hefei Univ. of Technol., Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100603421","display_name":"Zhi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0537-4522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Math. &amp; Syst. Eng., Shizuoka Univ., Shizuoka, Japan","Department of Mathematical and Systems Engineering, Shizuoka University, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Math. &amp; Syst. Eng., Shizuoka Univ., Shizuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical and Systems Engineering, Shizuoka University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032143076"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5734,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71090226,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.9712441563606262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.847561240196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7389937043190002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.6907758712768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.6539837121963501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-strength","display_name":"Signal strength","score":0.4951538145542145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4686431586742401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angle-of-arrival","display_name":"Angle of arrival","score":0.4389500617980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-of-arrival","display_name":"Time of arrival","score":0.4138373136520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4035446047782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3527505397796631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3172339200973511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.2762340307235718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14664429426193237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1419808268547058}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.9712441563606262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.847561240196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7389937043190002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.6907758712768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6539837121963501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176808163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105794","display_name":"Signal strength","level":3,"score":0.4951538145542145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4686431586742401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13545353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4763363","display_name":"Angle of arrival","level":3,"score":0.4389500617980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163150518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4135208","display_name":"Time of arrival","level":3,"score":0.4138373136520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4035446047782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3527505397796631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3172339200973511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.2762340307235718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14664429426193237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1419808268547058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcfall.2017.8288250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2017.8288250","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 86th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W250076511","https://openalex.org/W762430724","https://openalex.org/W1503532423","https://openalex.org/W1965392255","https://openalex.org/W1988543519","https://openalex.org/W2010025666","https://openalex.org/W2048151449","https://openalex.org/W2059147177","https://openalex.org/W2064024734","https://openalex.org/W2079850979","https://openalex.org/W2139834426","https://openalex.org/W2164093442","https://openalex.org/W2278572312","https://openalex.org/W2296254116","https://openalex.org/W2424065099"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162859609","https://openalex.org/W4200318234","https://openalex.org/W150547863","https://openalex.org/W2086630782","https://openalex.org/W2099208041","https://openalex.org/W3083484244","https://openalex.org/W335320524","https://openalex.org/W2973178854","https://openalex.org/W2582344710","https://openalex.org/W2118609050"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Location":[0],"estimation":[1,97],"in":[2,86,101,135],"Wi-Fi":[3],"environment":[4],"has":[5],"gained":[6],"considerable":[7],"attention":[8],"over":[9],"the":[10,14,24,27,35,81,90,111],"past":[11],"years,":[12],"and":[13,44,55,62,103,108,122],"Cramer-Rao":[15],"Lower":[16],"Bound":[17],"(CRLB)":[18],"can":[19,99,114],"be":[20],"used":[21],"to":[22,72],"evaluate":[23],"performance":[25],"of":[26,37,57,80,92],"localization":[28,41,48,74,106],"system.":[29],"In":[30],"this":[31,87,136],"paper,":[32],"we":[33],"analyze":[34],"CRLB":[36,82],"Wi-":[38],"Fi":[39],"indoor":[40],"using":[42],"fingerprint":[43],"assistant":[45,70],"nodes.":[46],"This":[47],"method":[49],"combines":[50],"received":[51],"signal":[52],"strength":[53],"(RSS)":[54],"Time":[56],"Arrival":[58],"(TOA)":[59],"into":[60],"together,":[61],"constructs":[63],"a":[64,118],"fixed":[65],"spatial":[66],"model":[67],"with":[68],"several":[69],"nodes":[71],"improve":[73],"performance.":[75],"There":[76],"are":[77,132],"two":[78],"purposes":[79],"analysis":[83,126],"framework":[84],"proposed":[85],"paper.":[88,137],"Firstly,":[89],"expression":[91],"lower":[93],"bound":[94],"on":[95],"location":[96],"error":[98,112],"help":[100],"designing":[102],"refining":[104],"efficient":[105],"algorithm":[107],"parameters.":[109],"Secondly,":[110],"trends":[113],"provide":[115],"suggestions":[116],"for":[117],"positioning":[119],"system":[120],"design":[121],"deployment.":[123],"Furthermore,":[124],"detailed":[125],"as":[127,129],"well":[128],"experimental":[130],"results":[131],"both":[133],"presented":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
