{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2602871471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2016.7881583","title":"Towards PHY-Aided Authentication via Weighted Fractional Fourier Transform","display_name":"Towards PHY-Aided Authentication via Weighted Fractional Fourier Transform","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2602871471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2016.7881583","mag":"2602871471"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcfall.2016.7881583","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2016.7881583","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE 84th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060865895","display_name":"Xiaojie Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3337-2241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CA","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojie Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083179738","display_name":"Xuejun Sha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6204-0839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuejun Sha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404886","display_name":"Ning Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8781-4925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036636413","display_name":"Xuanli Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-0367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuanli Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100773343","display_name":"Xuemin Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-287X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuemin Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3883,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64832271,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phy","display_name":"PHY","score":0.9040859937667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8095052242279053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.647724449634552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractional-fourier-transform","display_name":"Fractional Fourier transform","score":0.5873406529426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5555774569511414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.5421870350837708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.5333430767059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.43044495582580566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.34072786569595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform","display_name":"Fourier transform","score":0.304088294506073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.17279651761054993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.10552039742469788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07756420969963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07458662986755371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-analysis","display_name":"Fourier analysis","score":0.07130670547485352}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41918916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"PHY","level":4,"score":0.9040859937667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8095052242279053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.647724449634552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76563020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817582","display_name":"Fractional Fourier transform","level":4,"score":0.5873406529426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5555774569511414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.5421870350837708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.5333430767059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.43044495582580566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.34072786569595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.304088294506073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.17279651761054993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.10552039742469788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07756420969963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07458662986755371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203024314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365258","display_name":"Fourier analysis","level":3,"score":0.07130670547485352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcfall.2016.7881583","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2016.7881583","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE 84th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.uwindsor.ca:electricalengpub-1049","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/electricalengpub/49","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400430","display_name":"Scholarship at UWindsor (University of Windsor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","host_organization_name":"University of Windsor","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Publications","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58703277","https://openalex.org/W1528401588","https://openalex.org/W1733425272","https://openalex.org/W1870509456","https://openalex.org/W1950937894","https://openalex.org/W1957358593","https://openalex.org/W2010412759","https://openalex.org/W2028717679","https://openalex.org/W2036235015","https://openalex.org/W2047942918","https://openalex.org/W2106515734","https://openalex.org/W2109631601","https://openalex.org/W2149191412","https://openalex.org/W2153261701","https://openalex.org/W2153412006","https://openalex.org/W2155886813","https://openalex.org/W2208173047","https://openalex.org/W2237222338","https://openalex.org/W3105108969","https://openalex.org/W6602393588"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2945523224","https://openalex.org/W4313639042","https://openalex.org/W2444418218","https://openalex.org/W2727597159","https://openalex.org/W4241709719","https://openalex.org/W2514934301","https://openalex.org/W1488909492","https://openalex.org/W4234133302","https://openalex.org/W2774037455","https://openalex.org/W2111773294"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Exploiting":[0],"physical":[1],"layer":[2],"(PHY)":[3],"characteristics":[4,49],"has":[5],"great":[6],"potential":[7],"to":[8,84,102,112],"complement":[9],"and":[10,79,100,106,117],"secure":[11,127],"upper-layer":[12,63],"authentication":[13,18,33,128],"protocols.":[14],"Unlike":[15],"existing":[16],"PHY":[17,69,109],"mechanisms":[19],"requiring":[20],"special":[21],"hardware":[22,48],"designs,":[23],"in":[24,87,108],"this":[25],"paper,":[26],"we":[27],"propose":[28],"a":[29],"practical":[30],"PHY-":[31],"aided":[32],"approach":[34],"based":[35],"on":[36,62],"weighted":[37],"fractional":[38],"Fourier":[39],"transform":[40],"(WFRFT).":[41],"Instead":[42],"of":[43,53,71],"exploiting":[44],"the":[45,55,67,72,81,121],"channel":[46],"or":[47],"that":[50,120],"are":[51],"out":[52],"control,":[54],"proposed":[56,122],"scheme":[57,123],"can":[58,77,93,124],"provide":[59,103],"two-fold":[60],"protection":[61],"protocols":[64],"by":[65],"leveraging":[66],"intrinsic":[68],"features":[70],"transmitted":[73],"signal.":[74],"Firstly,":[75],"WFRFT":[76,91],"hide":[78],"forge":[80],"modulation":[82],"paradigm":[83],"mislead":[85],"attackers":[86],"signal":[88,92],"demodulation.":[89],"Secondly,":[90],"be":[94],"adjusted":[95],"among":[96],"different":[97],"patterns":[98],"automatically":[99],"dynamically":[101],"more":[104,126],"security":[105],"freedom":[107],"authentication,":[110],"similar":[111],"frequency-hopping":[113],"systems.":[114],"Numerical":[115],"simulations":[116],"analyses":[118],"demonstrate":[119],"achieve":[125],"with":[129],"tolerate":[130],"computational":[131],"overhead.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
