{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1999636772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2014.6965910","title":"Comparison Analysis of Outdoor Channel Characteristics at 28 GHz and 2 GHz Using 3D Ray-Tracing Technique","display_name":"Comparison Analysis of Outdoor Channel Characteristics at 28 GHz and 2 GHz Using 3D Ray-Tracing Technique","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1999636772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2014.6965910","mag":"1999636772"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcfall.2014.6965910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2014.6965910","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE 80th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2014-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100883268","display_name":"Sangkyu Baek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangkyu Baek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications Research Team, Samsung Electronics, Co., Ltd., Suwon, Korea","DMC R&D Center, Electron., Co., Ltd., Suwon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Research Team, Samsung Electronics, Co., Ltd., Suwon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DMC R&D Center, Electron., Co., Ltd., Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110124410","display_name":"Y.B. Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9105-0626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngbin Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications Research Team, Samsung Electronics, Co., Ltd., Suwon, Korea","DMC R&D Center, Electron., Co., Ltd., Suwon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Research Team, Samsung Electronics, Co., Ltd., Suwon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DMC R&D Center, Electron., Co., Ltd., Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100359558","display_name":"Hyunjin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6717-967X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyunjin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications Research Team, Samsung Electronics, Co., Ltd., Suwon, Korea","DMC R&D Center, Electron., Co., Ltd., Suwon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Research Team, Samsung Electronics, Co., Ltd., Suwon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DMC R&D Center, Electron., Co., Ltd., Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086961302","display_name":"Anil Agiwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0395-6003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anil Agiwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications Research Team, Samsung Electronics, Co., Ltd., Suwon, Korea","DMC R&D Center, Electron., Co., Ltd., Suwon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Research Team, Samsung Electronics, Co., Ltd., Suwon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DMC R&D Center, Electron., Co., Ltd., Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.9499038457870483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7831801772117615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.7181237936019897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.6168339252471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-propagation","display_name":"Radio propagation","score":0.5958552360534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.5821110606193542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-spectrum","display_name":"Radio spectrum","score":0.5817728042602539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5352438688278198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-delay-profile","display_name":"Power delay profile","score":0.5012938976287842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4964314103126526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-band","display_name":"Frequency band","score":0.4841811954975128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadband","display_name":"Broadband","score":0.4816633462905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.48019397258758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backhaul","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","score":0.47096091508865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4569590091705322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.38556355237960815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delay-spread","display_name":"Delay spread","score":0.3669188618659973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.35143518447875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.30701786279678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.27590852975845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24632969498634338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.18079054355621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.13531562685966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.9499038457870483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7831801772117615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.7181237936019897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.6168339252471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202311505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474701","display_name":"Radio propagation","level":2,"score":0.5958552360534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5821110606193542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92545706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902174","display_name":"Radio spectrum","level":2,"score":0.5817728042602539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5352438688278198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776250087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16938869","display_name":"Power delay profile","level":5,"score":0.5012938976287842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4964314103126526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778116611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110567","display_name":"Frequency band","level":3,"score":0.4841811954975128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.4816633462905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.48019397258758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103760667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798444","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","level":3,"score":0.47096091508865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4569590091705322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.38556355237960815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49456836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q666814","display_name":"Delay spread","level":4,"score":0.3669188618659973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.35143518447875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.30701786279678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.27590852975845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24632969498634338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.18079054355621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.13531562685966492}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcfall.2014.6965910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2014.6965910","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE 80th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2014-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524573041","https://openalex.org/W1588057903","https://openalex.org/W2095843437","https://openalex.org/W2101778750","https://openalex.org/W2103972037","https://openalex.org/W2104074482","https://openalex.org/W2113347988","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2142822310","https://openalex.org/W2145324078","https://openalex.org/W2159256278"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1571112747","https://openalex.org/W2521011199","https://openalex.org/W2088921680","https://openalex.org/W2139077079","https://openalex.org/W2289346131","https://openalex.org/W2408852955","https://openalex.org/W1981340510","https://openalex.org/W2081678642","https://openalex.org/W2475193516","https://openalex.org/W2073046523"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Broadband":[0],"wireless":[1,15,20],"systems":[2],"operating":[3],"in":[4,33,52,103,171],"millimeter":[5],"wave":[6],"(mmWave)":[7],"frequency":[8,35,54],"band":[9,55],"has":[10,124,137],"been":[11],"used":[12],"for":[13],"short-range":[14],"communication":[16,43],"and":[17,46,70,83,174],"point-to-":[18],"point":[19],"backhaul.":[21],"Due":[22],"to":[23,150],"lack":[24],"of":[25,39,41,48,86,100,162],"research":[26],"work":[27],"on":[28,78],"outdoor":[29,87],"radio":[30,64,88,114],"propagation":[31,65,89,115],"characteristics":[32,66,90,126],"mmWave":[34,53],"band,":[36],"the":[37,63,104,113,135,145],"question":[38],"feasibility":[40],"cellular":[42],"including":[44],"long-range":[45],"non-line":[47],"sight":[49],"(NLoS)":[50],"environments":[51],"is":[56,148,169],"unanswered.":[57],"In":[58,110,130],"this":[59],"paper,":[60],"we":[61],"investigate":[62],"at":[67,94,121,142,166],"28":[68,95,122,143,167],"GHz":[69,72,96,102,123,168],"2":[71,101,128,155],"using":[73],"3D":[74],"ray-tracing":[75],"simulation":[76],"based":[77],"Manhattan-like":[79],"grid":[80],"model.":[81],"LoS":[82,111,173],"NLoS":[84,131,175],"results":[85],"considering":[91],"beamforming":[92,119,140],"effects":[93],"are":[97,107],"provided.":[98,109],"Results":[99],"same":[105],"geometry":[106],"also":[108],"environment,":[112,132],"with":[116,127],"25":[117,138,151],"dBi":[118,139],"gain":[120,141],"similar":[125],"GHz.":[129,156],"even":[133],"if":[134],"transmitter":[136],"GHz,":[144],"received":[146,158],"power":[147,159],"10":[149],"dB":[152],"lower":[153],"than":[154],"The":[157],"loss":[160],"because":[161],"narrow":[163],"beam":[164],"usage":[165],"negligible":[170],"both":[172],"environments.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
