{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998410440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2014.6965887","title":"Base Station Antenna Pattern Distortion in Practical Urban Deployment Scenarios","display_name":"Base Station Antenna Pattern Distortion in Practical Urban Deployment Scenarios","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998410440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2014.6965887","mag":"1998410440"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcfall.2014.6965887","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2014.6965887","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE 80th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2014-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/74af9759-6620-471a-99e2-e2fdd944a2b1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049478207","display_name":"Ignacio Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9258-4194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ignacio Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radio Access Technology Section (RATE), Aalborg University, Denmark","Radio Access Technol. Sect. (RATE), Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radio Access Technology Section (RATE), Aalborg University, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radio Access Technol. Sect. (RATE), Denmark","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082742831","display_name":"Huan Cong Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6408-2058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huan C. Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radio Access Technology Section (RATE), Aalborg University, Denmark","Radio Access Technol. Sect. (RATE), Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radio Access Technology Section (RATE), Aalborg University, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radio Access Technol. Sect. (RATE), Denmark","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010818634","display_name":"Troels B. S\u00f8rensen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7940-7190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Troels B. Sorensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radio Access Technology Section (RATE), Aalborg University, Denmark","Radio Access Technol. Sect. (RATE), Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radio Access Technology Section (RATE), Aalborg University, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radio Access Technol. Sect. (RATE), Denmark","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071318729","display_name":"Ond\u0159ej Fran\u011bk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4928-2208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ondrej Franek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Denmark","[Dept. of Electron. Syst., Aalborg Univ., Aalborg, Denmark]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electron. Syst., Aalborg Univ., Aalborg, Denmark]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049478207"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4255,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.670133,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-pattern","display_name":"Radiation pattern","score":0.6710765957832336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.649257242679596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6340214610099792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.6004707217216492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5693331360816956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.4694110155105591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.4683375358581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.44155073165893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/near-and-far-field","display_name":"Near and far field","score":0.4310365915298462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.32226890325546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1770017147064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16269391775131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.059640586376190186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151764478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Radiation pattern","level":3,"score":0.6710765957832336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.649257242679596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6340214610099792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.6004707217216492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5693331360816956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4694110155105591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4683375358581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.44155073165893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25227671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13405516","display_name":"Near and far field","level":2,"score":0.4310365915298462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.32226890325546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1770017147064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16269391775131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.059640586376190186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcfall.2014.6965887","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2014.6965887","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE 80th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2014-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/74af9759-6620-471a-99e2-e2fdd944a2b1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/74af9759-6620-471a-99e2-e2fdd944a2b1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Rodriguez Larrad, I, Nguyen, H C, S\u00f8rensen, T B & Franek, O 2014, Base Station Antenna Pattern Distortion in Practical Urban Deployment Scenarios. in Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall), 2014 IEEE 80th. vol. 2014, IEEE Press, I E E E V T S Vehicular Technology Conference. Proceedings, IEEE Vehicular technology Conference Fall 2014, Vancouver, Canada, 14/09/2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCFall.2014.6965887","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/74af9759-6620-471a-99e2-e2fdd944a2b1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/74af9759-6620-471a-99e2-e2fdd944a2b1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Rodriguez Larrad, I, Nguyen, H C, S\u00f8rensen, T B & Franek, O 2014, Base Station Antenna Pattern Distortion in Practical Urban Deployment Scenarios. in Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall), 2014 IEEE 80th. vol. 2014, IEEE Press, I E E E V T S Vehicular Technology Conference. Proceedings, IEEE Vehicular technology Conference Fall 2014, Vancouver, Canada, 14/09/2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCFall.2014.6965887","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1555797661","https://openalex.org/W1619277410","https://openalex.org/W1963986230","https://openalex.org/W1964491700","https://openalex.org/W1980287323","https://openalex.org/W2045248209","https://openalex.org/W2133972449","https://openalex.org/W2155477820","https://openalex.org/W2161362669"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054109135","https://openalex.org/W2012819262","https://openalex.org/W2120224698","https://openalex.org/W4323358701","https://openalex.org/W2527954625","https://openalex.org/W2907928000","https://openalex.org/W3217406794","https://openalex.org/W2546622313","https://openalex.org/W2201391928","https://openalex.org/W2593137240"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"real":[1],"urban":[2,50,114,132],"deployments,":[3],"base":[4,107],"station":[5,108],"antennas":[6],"are":[7,37],"typically":[8,81],"not":[9,39],"placed":[10],"in":[11,29,63,83,111,125,158],"free":[12,84,166],"space":[13,167],"conditions.":[14],"Therefore,":[15],"the":[16,30,33,44,49,56,59,73,78,102,106,128,131,135,139,144,147,159,165,184],"radiation":[17,60],"pattern":[18,61,75,110,162],"can":[19,53],"be":[20],"affected":[21],"by":[22,77,105,175],"mounting":[23],"structures":[24],"and":[25,80,93,118],"nearby":[26],"obstacles":[27],"located":[28],"proximity":[31],"of":[32,48,58,91,101,154,177],"antenna":[34,74,109,161],"(near-field),":[35],"which":[36],"often":[38],"taken":[40],"into":[41],"consideration.":[42],"Also":[43],"intrinsic":[45],"propagation":[46,133],"mechanisms":[47],"environment":[51],"(far-field)":[52],"contribute":[54],"to":[55,72,97,138,164],"distortion":[57,103,141,171],"observed":[62],"a":[64,89,151],"practical":[65],"deployment":[66,115],"scenario,":[67],"especially":[68],"when":[69],"comparing":[70],"it":[71],"provided":[76],"manufacturer":[79],"measured":[82],"space.":[85],"This":[86],"paper":[87],"presents":[88],"combination":[90],"near-field":[92,129,170],"far-field":[94,185],"simulations":[95],"aimed":[96],"provide":[98],"an":[99],"overview":[100],"experienced":[104],"two":[112],"different":[113],"scenarios:":[116],"rooftop":[117],"telecommunications":[119],"tower.":[120],"The":[121,169],"study":[122],"illustrates":[123],"how,":[124],"comparison":[126],"with":[127],"effects,":[130],"becomes":[134],"main":[136],"contributor":[137],"total":[140],"experienced.":[142],"For":[143],"considered":[145],"scenarios,":[146],"simulation":[148],"results":[149],"show":[150],"front-to-back-ratio":[152],"reduction":[153],"approximately":[155],"10-15":[156],"dB":[157],"effective":[160],"compared":[163],"reference.":[168],"has":[172],"been":[173,188],"evaluated":[174],"means":[176],"finite":[178],"integration":[179],"technique":[180],"(FIT)":[181],"simulations,":[182],"while":[183],"effects":[186],"have":[187],"analyzed":[189],"through":[190],"intelligent":[191],"ray":[192],"tracing":[193],"(IRT).":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
