{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1986675495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2013.6692216","title":"GMM Based Semi-Supervised Learning for Channel-Based Authentication Scheme","display_name":"GMM Based Semi-Supervised Learning for Channel-Based Authentication Scheme","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1986675495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2013.6692216","mag":"1986675495"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcfall.2013.6692216","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2013.6692216","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE 78th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037817518","display_name":"Nikhil Gulati","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikhil Gulati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng. Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng. Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005882490","display_name":"Rachel Greenstadt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1831-1785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel Greenstadt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, US","Dept. of Comput. Sci., Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017507453","display_name":"Kapil R. Dandekar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1936-2514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kapil R. Dandekar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng. Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng. Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060945955","display_name":"John MacLaren Walsh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John M. Walsh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng. Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng. Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2348,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37603486,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9728999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.9722999930381775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8418257236480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.7214009761810303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6238572001457214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5504879355430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.5056936740875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.488839328289032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.48587673902511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.48243674635887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.46780848503112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4488617479801178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.4276653826236725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3582758903503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35100793838500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3357185125350952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2446822226047516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09501492977142334}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8418257236480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.7214009761810303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6238572001457214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5504879355430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.5056936740875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.488839328289032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.48587673902511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48243674635887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.46780848503112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4488617479801178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.4276653826236725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3582758903503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35100793838500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3357185125350952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2446822226047516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09501492977142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcfall.2013.6692216","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2013.6692216","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE 78th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.674.3330","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.674.3330","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.pages.drexel.edu/%7Eng54/VTC_Fall_13_Final.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1526111133","https://openalex.org/W1601795611","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1972272887","https://openalex.org/W1979877030","https://openalex.org/W1981367467","https://openalex.org/W2011038413","https://openalex.org/W2016961049","https://openalex.org/W2041599806","https://openalex.org/W2068574308","https://openalex.org/W2103877094","https://openalex.org/W2115735006","https://openalex.org/W2118429824","https://openalex.org/W2122646361","https://openalex.org/W2123541927","https://openalex.org/W2132047492","https://openalex.org/W2142411122","https://openalex.org/W2144809814","https://openalex.org/W2155899844","https://openalex.org/W2157665255","https://openalex.org/W2159740892","https://openalex.org/W2165596501","https://openalex.org/W3152230711","https://openalex.org/W4235580779","https://openalex.org/W6631765337","https://openalex.org/W6683235873"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388326001","https://openalex.org/W2998914036","https://openalex.org/W2390565185","https://openalex.org/W4320921117","https://openalex.org/W4393359115","https://openalex.org/W2941093570","https://openalex.org/W1975451135","https://openalex.org/W2140240424","https://openalex.org/W1977671905","https://openalex.org/W3148968234"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Authentication":[0],"schemes":[1],"based":[2,26,58],"on":[3],"wireless":[4,75],"physical":[5],"layer":[6,34],"channel":[7,25,76],"information":[8],"have":[9],"gained":[10],"significant":[11],"attention":[12],"in":[13,20,65,98,109],"recent":[14,21],"years.":[15],"It":[16],"has":[17],"been":[18],"shown":[19],"studies,":[22],"that":[23,83,132],"the":[24,66,74,78,92,99,107],"authentication":[27],"can":[28,103,146],"either":[29],"cooperate":[30],"with":[31],"existing":[32],"higher":[33],"security":[35,42],"protocols":[36],"or":[37],"provide":[38],"some":[39],"degree":[40],"of":[41,73,77,91,94,144],"to":[43,62],"networks":[44],"without":[45,85],"central":[46],"authority":[47],"such":[48],"as":[49,136,138],"sensor":[50],"networks.":[51],"We":[52,81,118],"propose":[53],"a":[54,70,87],"Gaussian":[55],"Mixture":[56],"Model":[57],"semi-supervised":[59],"learning":[60],"technique":[61,102,123],"identify":[63],"intruders":[64,95],"network":[67,79],"by":[68],"building":[69],"probabilistic":[71],"model":[72,108],"users.":[80],"show":[82,128],"even":[84],"having":[86],"complete":[88],"apriori":[89],"knowledge":[90],"statistics":[93],"and":[96,105,127],"users":[97],"network,":[100],"our":[101,121],"learn":[104],"update":[106],"an":[110],"online":[111],"fashion":[112],"while":[113],"maintaining":[114],"high":[115],"detection":[116,134],"rate.":[117],"experimentally":[119],"demonstrate":[120],"proposed":[122],"leveraging":[124],"pattern":[125],"diversity":[126],"using":[129],"measured":[130],"channels":[131],"miss":[133],"rates":[135],"low":[137],"0.1%":[139],"for":[140],"false":[141],"alarm":[142],"rate":[143],"0.3%":[145],"be":[147],"achieved.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}