{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1983780764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2012.6399141","title":"Derivation of Log-Likelihood Ratio for M-Ary Non-Orthogonal FSK Wireless System","display_name":"Derivation of Log-Likelihood Ratio for M-Ary Non-Orthogonal FSK Wireless System","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1983780764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2012.6399141","mag":"1983780764"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcfall.2012.6399141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2012.6399141","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090283528","display_name":"Daisuke Nojima","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207014233","display_name":"Kyushu Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02278tr80","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daisuke Nojima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan","[Fac. of Comput. Sci. & Syst. Eng., Kyushu Inst. of Technol., Fukuoka, Japan]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Fac. of Comput. Sci. & Syst. Eng., Kyushu Inst. of Technol., Fukuoka, Japan]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102229492","display_name":"Yuhei Nagao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207014233","display_name":"Kyushu Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02278tr80","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhei Nagao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan","[Fac. of Comput. Sci. & Syst. Eng., Kyushu Inst. of Technol., Fukuoka, Japan]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Fac. of Comput. Sci. & Syst. Eng., Kyushu Inst. of Technol., Fukuoka, Japan]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085351803","display_name":"Masayuki Kurosaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7016-8931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207014233","display_name":"Kyushu Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02278tr80","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masayuki Kurosaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan","[Fac. of Comput. Sci. & Syst. Eng., Kyushu Inst. of Technol., Fukuoka, Japan]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Fac. of Comput. Sci. & Syst. Eng., Kyushu Inst. of Technol., Fukuoka, Japan]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110010949","display_name":"Hiroshi Ochi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207014233","display_name":"Kyushu Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02278tr80","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroshi Ochi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan","[Fac. of Comput. Sci. & Syst. Eng., Kyushu Inst. of Technol., Fukuoka, Japan]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Fac. of Comput. Sci. & Syst. Eng., Kyushu Inst. of Technol., Fukuoka, Japan]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-shift-keying","display_name":"Frequency-shift keying","score":0.9233070611953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viterbi-decoder","display_name":"Viterbi decoder","score":0.6590124368667603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viterbi-algorithm","display_name":"Viterbi algorithm","score":0.6152431964874268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-white-gaussian-noise","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","score":0.5965961217880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.548759937286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-output-viterbi-algorithm","display_name":"Soft output Viterbi algorithm","score":0.5329034924507141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5278342366218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.5167664289474487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-code","display_name":"Convolutional code","score":0.4789729118347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.45104360580444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.43813854455947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4312059283256531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.4166506230831146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.39090174436569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.2705233097076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2580578327178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-decoding","display_name":"Sequential decoding","score":0.19858863949775696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11203223466873169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163996819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166054","display_name":"Frequency-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.9233070611953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117379686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6996459","display_name":"Viterbi decoder","level":3,"score":0.6590124368667603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60582962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83886","display_name":"Viterbi algorithm","level":3,"score":0.6152431964874268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.5965961217880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.548759937286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130319729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83886","display_name":"Soft output Viterbi algorithm","level":5,"score":0.5329034924507141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5278342366218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.5167664289474487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157899210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395022","display_name":"Convolutional code","level":3,"score":0.4789729118347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.45104360580444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.43813854455947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4312059283256531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.4166506230831146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.39090174436569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.2705233097076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2580578327178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193969084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7452500","display_name":"Sequential decoding","level":4,"score":0.19858863949775696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11203223466873169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtcfall.2012.6399141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2012.6399141","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W209589608","https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W1576718945","https://openalex.org/W1607587164","https://openalex.org/W2062199996","https://openalex.org/W2098410533","https://openalex.org/W2103435373","https://openalex.org/W2104170357","https://openalex.org/W2122683098","https://openalex.org/W4248676392"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2143297499","https://openalex.org/W2146383045","https://openalex.org/W2790444905","https://openalex.org/W1879414379","https://openalex.org/W2183438146","https://openalex.org/W2510070518","https://openalex.org/W2101868111","https://openalex.org/W1621026665","https://openalex.org/W2108882652","https://openalex.org/W2541970695"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,47,77],"a":[1],"soft":[2],"decision":[3],"Viterbi":[4,42],"decoder,":[5],"the":[6,15,18,34,38,41,52,82,85],"log-likelihood":[7],"ratio":[8],"(LLR)":[9],"metric":[10],"is":[11,31,44,61],"used":[12],"to":[13],"improve":[14],"performance":[16],"of":[17,40],"error":[19,35],"correction.":[20],"On":[21],"linear":[22],"systems":[23,49],"under":[24],"additive":[25],"white":[26],"gaussian":[27],"noise":[28],"channel,":[29],"this":[30,60,78],"straightforward":[32],"as":[33,51],"distribution":[36],"at":[37],"input":[39],"decoder":[43],"also":[45],"gaussian.":[46],"non-linear":[48],"such":[50],"M-ary":[53,86],"non-coherent":[54,67],"non-orthogonal":[55,66,87],"frequency":[56],"shift":[57],"keying":[58],"(FSK),":[59],"generally":[62],"not":[63,71],"true.":[64],"However,":[65],"FSK":[68,88],"LLR":[69,83],"has":[70],"yet":[72],"been":[73],"proposed":[74],"in":[75],"literature.":[76],"paper":[79],"we":[80],"derived":[81],"for":[84],"mathematically":[89],"and":[90],"verified":[91],"it":[92],"using":[93],"simulations.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}