{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414647075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174904","title":"Doppler Dilution of Precision Analysis for GNSS and Starlink LEO Satellite Positioning","display_name":"Doppler Dilution of Precision Analysis for GNSS and Starlink LEO Satellite Positioning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414647075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174904"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174904","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174904","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 101st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016659981","display_name":"Md. Ali Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-4864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md. Ali Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University,Seoul,South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University,Seoul,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101836514","display_name":"M. Humayun Kabir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5282-6881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40279923","display_name":"Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j1w0q97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40279923"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Humayun Kabir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Islamic University,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Kushtia,Bangladesh,7003"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Islamic University,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Kushtia,Bangladesh,7003","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40279923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059572045","display_name":"Md Shafiqul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9469-2041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147955","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Business and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0400am365","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147955"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Shafiqul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bangladesh University of Business and Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Dhaka,Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bangladesh University of Business and Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Dhaka,Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147955"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057219291","display_name":"Takeshi Hirai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"Osaka University","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takeshi Hirai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University,Suita,Osaka,Japan,565-0871"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University,Suita,Osaka,Japan,565-0871","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009725517","display_name":"Wonjae Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6513-1237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wonjae Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University,Seoul,South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University,Seoul,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016659981"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32493973,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9200000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dilution-of-precision","display_name":"Dilution of precision","score":0.9064000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.8152999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.6837000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.6031000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orbit-determination","display_name":"Orbit determination","score":0.5985000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orbit","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","score":0.491100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-navigation","display_name":"Satellite navigation","score":0.44449999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200499919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q616896","display_name":"Dilution of precision","level":4,"score":0.9064000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.8152999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.6837000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6162999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.6031000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107768556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302660","display_name":"Orbit determination","level":3,"score":0.5985000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.5152000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196644772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3884964","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","level":2,"score":0.491100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4758000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36301306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179435","display_name":"Satellite navigation","level":3,"score":0.44449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.41749998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199301463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218414","display_name":"Medium Earth orbit","level":4,"score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154978347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1579577","display_name":"Geocentric orbit","level":3,"score":0.3666999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778603505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning system","level":3,"score":0.3431999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202511199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239503","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","level":4,"score":0.3314000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202799725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272035","display_name":"Accuracy and precision","level":2,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018325918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663611","display_name":"Low earth orbit","level":3,"score":0.3188000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189069379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218124","display_name":"Ground track","level":4,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29829512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40218","display_name":"Spacecraft","level":2,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.25200000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174904","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174904","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 101st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1322893662","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2025-00562095","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1942347474","https://openalex.org/W1976338139","https://openalex.org/W2612633734","https://openalex.org/W2938430142","https://openalex.org/W2990690098","https://openalex.org/W4200423589","https://openalex.org/W4375866023","https://openalex.org/W4388206018","https://openalex.org/W4391130077","https://openalex.org/W4403390887","https://openalex.org/W4404848065"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,28],"global":[1],"navigation":[2],"satellite":[3,83],"system":[4],"(GNSS)":[5],"positioning,":[6],"Doppler":[7,48,70,127],"shift-based":[8],"methods":[9],"suffer":[10],"from":[11],"low":[12,17,30,42],"accuracy":[13,61],"due":[14],"to":[15,45,156],"the":[16,60,69,76,80,99,126,132,142,158,169,211],"dynamics":[18,40],"and":[19,41,86,124,138,173],"high":[20,39],"altitude":[21],"of":[22,62,72,75,82,93,122,135],"medium":[23],"Earth":[24,31],"orbit":[25,32],"(MEO)":[26],"satellites.":[27],"contrast,":[29],"(LEO)":[33],"satellites,":[34,77],"such":[35],"as":[36,204],"Starlink,":[37],"exhibit":[38],"altitude,":[43],"leading":[44],"a":[46,110],"significant":[47],"shift":[49],"effect":[50],"that":[51,178,191],"can":[52],"enhance":[53],"user":[54],"terminal":[55],"(UT)":[56],"positioning":[57,64,175,184,207],"accuracy.":[58,185],"However,":[59],"Doppler-based":[63,114,174],"is":[65,154],"influenced":[66],"mainly":[67],"by":[68],"dilution":[71,92],"precision":[73,94],"(DDOP)":[74],"which":[78,96],"quantifies":[79,98],"influence":[81],"velocity":[84,106],"direction":[85],"geometric":[87,91,101],"diversity.":[88],"Unlike":[89],"conventional":[90],"(GDOP),":[95],"only":[97],"satellite's":[100],"diversity,":[102],"DDOP":[103,123,133,143,159,172,180,198],"accounts":[104],"for":[105,145],"vectors,":[107],"making":[108],"it":[109],"critical":[111],"factor":[112],"in":[113,210],"positioning.":[115],"This":[116],"paper":[117],"presents":[118],"an":[119,205],"intuitive":[120],"analysis":[121,188],"drives":[125],"geometry":[128],"matrix.":[129],"To":[130],"evaluate":[131],"performance":[134],"Starlink":[136,192],"satellites":[137,194],"GNSS,":[139,200],"we":[140,167],"calculate":[141,157],"values":[144,181],"evenly-spaced":[146],"random":[147],"places":[148],"on":[149,161,164],"Earth.":[150,165],"A":[151],"simulator":[152],"GUI":[153],"designed":[155],"value":[160],"any":[162],"place":[163],"Moreover,":[166],"establish":[168],"correlation":[170],"between":[171],"accuracy,":[176],"demonstrating":[177],"lower":[179],"yield":[182],"higher":[183],"Our":[186],"numerical":[187],"also":[189],"confirms":[190],"LEO":[193],"offer":[195],"significantly":[196],"better":[197],"than":[199],"underscoring":[201],"its":[202],"potential":[203],"alternative":[206],"solution,":[208],"particularly":[209],"GNSS-denied":[212],"environment.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
