{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414648865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174891","title":"A Robust Voltage-Based Intrusion Detection System for In-Vehicle Network","display_name":"A Robust Voltage-Based Intrusion Detection System for In-Vehicle Network","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414648865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174891"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174891","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174891","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 101st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019727604","display_name":"Zhouyan Deng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhouyan Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi&#x0027;an,Shaanxi,China,710072"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi&#x0027;an,Shaanxi,China,710072","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100929897","display_name":"Yuwei Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuwei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi&#x0027;an,Shaanxi,China,710072"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi&#x0027;an,Shaanxi,China,710072","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070882833","display_name":"\u65ed\u5149 \u912d","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-5148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohan Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi&#x0027;an,Shaanxi,China,710072"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi&#x0027;an,Shaanxi,China,710072","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jiahao Lei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahao Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi&#x0027;an,Shaanxi,China,710072"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi&#x0027;an,Shaanxi,China,710072","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031341608","display_name":"Fei Hui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8981-4745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141776","display_name":"China XD Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04ceqst84","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141776"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Hui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang&#x0027;an University,Xi&#x0027;an,Shaanxi,China,710064"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang&#x0027;an University,Xi&#x0027;an,Shaanxi,China,710064","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098","https://openalex.org/I4210141776"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108050448","display_name":"Jiajia Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4273-8866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiajia Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi&#x0027;an,Shaanxi,China,710072"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi&#x0027;an,Shaanxi,China,710072","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32627157,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9467999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9467999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.932699978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.928600013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.7350999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5856999754905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alarm","display_name":"ALARM","score":0.5274999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.4228000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.41929998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.39730000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.39399999380111694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.7350999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5892999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5856999754905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779119184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294350","display_name":"ALARM","level":2,"score":0.5274999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.459199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.4228000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.41929998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.39730000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198104137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974688","display_name":"Communication source","level":2,"score":0.3686000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777642091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148571","display_name":"Buzzer","level":3,"score":0.3668999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.36469998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112789634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18207010","display_name":"False positives and false negatives","level":3,"score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158251709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q354025","display_name":"Intrusion","level":2,"score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137524506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2247688","display_name":"Anomaly-based intrusion detection system","level":3,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.26030001044273376}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174891","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174891","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 101st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2549079146","https://openalex.org/W2561208905","https://openalex.org/W2752558064","https://openalex.org/W2790772609","https://openalex.org/W2891250288","https://openalex.org/W2977100904","https://openalex.org/W2989939127","https://openalex.org/W2998500054","https://openalex.org/W3008134592","https://openalex.org/W3092232275","https://openalex.org/W3138227691","https://openalex.org/W3158938497","https://openalex.org/W4212937121","https://openalex.org/W4324007179","https://openalex.org/W4387872718"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,7,47,73,82,102,109,137,159,166,196,199],"most":[2],"widely":[3],"used":[4],"in-vehicle":[5],"network,":[6],"controller":[8],"area":[9],"network":[10],"bus":[11],"lacks":[12],"effective":[13],"encryption":[14],"and":[15,33,61,81,139,175],"authentication":[16],"mechanisms,":[17],"exposing":[18],"it":[19],"to":[20,54,58,89,95,98,122,145,168,194],"significant":[21],"security":[22],"threats.":[23],"Voltage-based":[24],"intrusion":[25,170,200],"detection":[26],"systems":[27],"(IDSs),":[28],"which":[29,189],"detect":[30,169],"malicious":[31],"frames":[32,51],"locate":[34],"attackers":[35],"by":[36,171],"establishing":[37],"voltage":[38,48,79,90,120,173],"fingerprints,":[39],"have":[40,71,92],"attracted":[41],"widespread":[42],"attention":[43],"from":[44],"researchers.":[45],"However,":[46],"signals":[49,174],"of":[50,108,161],"are":[52,165],"vulnerable":[53,97],"temperature":[55,83,103,156],"variations,":[56],"leading":[57],"false":[59,62],"positives":[60],"negatives":[63],"in":[64],"voltage-based":[65,126,148],"IDS.":[66],"To":[67,113,158],"address":[68],"this,":[69],"researchers":[70],"proposed":[72],"scheme":[74],"that":[75],"involves":[76],"frequently":[77],"updating":[78],"fingerprints":[80,91],"compensation-based":[84,104],"scheme.":[85],"Unfortunately,":[86],"frequent":[87],"updates":[88],"been":[93],"shown":[94],"be":[96],"poisoning":[99],"attacks,":[100],"while":[101],"approach":[105],"requires":[106],"knowledge":[107],"sender":[110,130],"node's":[111,131],"temperature.":[112,132],"this":[114],"end,":[115],"we":[116,164],"propose":[117],"utilizing":[118],"robust":[119,125],"features":[121,178],"develop":[123],"a":[124,192],"IDS":[127],"without":[128],"knowing":[129],"Experiments":[133],"conducted":[134],"on":[135,179],"both":[136],"prototype":[138],"real":[140],"vehicle":[141],"show":[142],"that,":[143],"compared":[144],"existing":[146],"mainstream":[147],"IDS,":[149],"our":[150,162],"system":[151,183],"demonstrates":[152],"superior":[153],"robustness":[154],"under":[155],"variations.":[157],"best":[160],"knowledge,":[163],"first":[167],"collecting":[172],"extracting":[176],"their":[177],"resource-constrained":[180],"device.":[181],"Our":[182],"also":[184],"includes":[185],"an":[186],"alarm":[187],"module,":[188],"can":[190],"trigger":[191],"buzzer":[193],"alert":[195],"driver":[197],"when":[198],"is":[201],"detected.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
