{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414646845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174819","title":"On Performance of FAS-Aided Covert Communications","display_name":"On Performance of FAS-Aided Covert Communications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414646845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174819"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174819","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 101st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046756811","display_name":"Farshad Rostami Ghadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0729-369X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farshad Rostami Ghadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Granada,Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications,Granada,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Granada,Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications,Granada,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050443046","display_name":"Masoud Kaveh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0752-8054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masoud Kaveh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University,Department of Information and Communication Engineering,Espoo,Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University,Department of Information and Communication Engineering,Espoo,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059959008","display_name":"Riku J\u00e4ntti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5398-2381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riku Jantti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University,Department of Information and Communication Engineering,Espoo,Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University,Department of Information and Communication Engineering,Espoo,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039159034","display_name":"F. Javier L\u00f3pez\u2010Mart\u00ednez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0233-6942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Javier Lopez-Martinez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Granada,Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications,Granada,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Granada,Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications,Granada,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.7914999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complement","display_name":"Complement (music)","score":0.6855000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6807000041007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.6381999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5593000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-power","display_name":"Statistical power","score":0.47620001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.38679999113082886}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.7914999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886648","display_name":"Complement (music)","level":5,"score":0.6855000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6807000041007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6381999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5593000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96608239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199823","display_name":"Statistical power","level":2,"score":0.47620001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.38679999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.37880000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3752000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.34119999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3352999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778258436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30672262","display_name":"Outage probability","level":4,"score":0.3246999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134786449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255","display_name":"Planar","level":2,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019361169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2609467","display_name":"Detection threshold","level":2,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174819","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 101st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060500262","https://openalex.org/W2506174538","https://openalex.org/W2594393372","https://openalex.org/W3039758053","https://openalex.org/W3107232831","https://openalex.org/W3212941029","https://openalex.org/W4362653158","https://openalex.org/W4388073421","https://openalex.org/W4392693977","https://openalex.org/W4393139936","https://openalex.org/W4399039738","https://openalex.org/W4399801188","https://openalex.org/W4401509054","https://openalex.org/W4402436305","https://openalex.org/W4402830179","https://openalex.org/W4403210464","https://openalex.org/W4404410614","https://openalex.org/W4410591199","https://openalex.org/W4413472115"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,7,13,41,44,47,61,68,71,84,90,94,98,102,118,130],"impact":[4],"of":[5,15,70,73],"deploying":[6,115],"fluid":[8],"antenna":[9],"system":[10],"(FAS)":[11],"on":[12,22],"performance":[14],"covert":[16],"communications.":[17],"In":[18],"particular,":[19],"we":[20,92],"focus":[21],"a":[23,26,33,36],"scenario":[24],"where":[25],"transmitter":[27],"seeks":[28],"to":[29,39,51,125,142],"covertly":[30],"communicate":[31],"with":[32,132],"receiver,":[34],"while":[35,114],"warden":[37,48,119],"attempts":[38],"detect":[40],"transmission.":[42,145],"Both":[43],"receiver":[45,131],"and":[46,77,106],"are":[49],"assumed":[50],"utilize":[52],"planar":[53],"FAS.":[54],"We":[55],"derive":[56],"compact":[57],"analytical":[58],"expressions":[59],"for":[60,97],"covertness":[62,105],"outage":[63],"probability":[64,96],"(COP),":[65],"defined":[66],"as":[67],"complement":[69],"sum":[72],"false":[74],"alarm":[75],"(FA)":[76],"missed":[78],"detection":[79,86,122],"(MD)":[80],"probabilities.":[81],"By":[82],"determining":[83],"optimal":[85],"threshold":[87],"that":[88,113],"maximizes":[89],"COP,":[91],"characterize":[93],"success":[95],"legitimate":[99],"transmission,":[100],"highlighting":[101],"trade-off":[103],"between":[104],"transmission":[107],"success.":[108],"Our":[109],"numerical":[110],"results":[111],"confirm":[112],"FAS":[116,133],"at":[117],"enhances":[120],"its":[121],"ability":[123],"compared":[124],"fixed-position":[126],"antennas":[127],"(FPAs),":[128],"equipping":[129],"rather":[134],"than":[135],"FPAs":[136],"significantly":[137],"improves":[138],"reception":[139],"quality,":[140],"leading":[141],"more":[143],"reliable":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
