{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414646780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174676","title":"The Sensing Performance Analysis for Single- and Multi-Carrier Modulations","display_name":"The Sensing Performance Analysis for Single- and Multi-Carrier Modulations","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414646780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174676"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174676","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174676","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 101st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030516869","display_name":"Yaxing Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1406-0520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaxing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, CAS,State Key Lab of Processors,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, CAS,State Key Lab of Processors,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119774866","display_name":"Chong Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100358612","display_name":"Congcong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6471-3865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Congcong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, CAS,State Key Lab of Processors,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, CAS,State Key Lab of Processors,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101673956","display_name":"Yiqing Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6391-3259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiqing Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, CAS,State Key Lab of Processors,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, CAS,State Key Lab of Processors,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089817985","display_name":"Jinglin Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinglin Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, CAS,State Key Lab of Processors,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, CAS,State Key Lab of Processors,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.6815999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.6815999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.6815999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.6484000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.5616000294685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5522000193595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"Frequency modulation","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.48249998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.47049999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.41029998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delay-spread","display_name":"Delay spread","score":0.38339999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3684999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.6484000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.5616000294685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5522000193595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5284000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.48350000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.48249998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.47049999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4587000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.41029998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49456836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q666814","display_name":"Delay spread","level":4,"score":0.38339999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3684999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.35589998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.3483999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.33390000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89061704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5555726","display_name":"Frequency-division multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.33160001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198329298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586358","display_name":"Subcarrier","level":4,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71907059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223323","display_name":"Root mean square","level":2,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96834759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750463","display_name":"Phase modulation","level":3,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142433447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7806653","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","level":3,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174676","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174676","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 101st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7615036676","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A20449","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964793896","https://openalex.org/W2295751062","https://openalex.org/W2962869133","https://openalex.org/W3034405002","https://openalex.org/W3153252929","https://openalex.org/W3194620979","https://openalex.org/W4214895146","https://openalex.org/W4283728128","https://openalex.org/W4362566341","https://openalex.org/W4387870761","https://openalex.org/W4390401739","https://openalex.org/W4393036445","https://openalex.org/W4400877526","https://openalex.org/W4401628466","https://openalex.org/W4402510308","https://openalex.org/W4402557617"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,25,98,155],"focus":[4,27],"on":[5,28,162],"the":[6,29,72,93,100,127,140,151,157,182],"sensing":[7,13,30,163,188],"performance":[8,146,172,189],"for":[9,22,106,116],"communication-centric":[10],"integration":[11],"of":[12,32,74,95,130,159,197],"and":[14,56,66,78,89,103,110,113,119,136,185,203],"communication":[15,20,96],"(ISAC)":[16],"systems,":[17],"which":[18],"utilize":[19],"signals":[21,77],"sensing.":[23],"Specifically,":[24],"mainly":[26],"capabilities":[31],"four":[33,39],"representative":[34],"modulation":[35,55,60,76,108,131,193],"schemes,":[36],"corresponding":[37],"to":[38,84,148],"fundamental":[40],"channel":[41],"representations:":[42],"single-carrier":[43],"(SC),":[44],"orthogonal":[45,50,57],"frequency":[46,52,59,141],"division":[47],"multiplexing":[48],"(OFDM),":[49],"time":[51,121],"space":[53],"(OTFS)":[54],"Doppler":[58],"(ODFM)":[61],"in":[62,139,150,195],"time-delay,":[63],"time-frequency,":[64],"delay-Doppler,":[65],"Doppler-frequency":[67],"domains,":[68],"respectively.":[69],"We":[70],"compute":[71],"autocorrelations":[73],"these":[75,107,192],"give":[79],"a":[80,187],"general":[81],"Kronecker-based":[82],"framework":[83],"derive":[85,99],"their":[86],"delay":[87,134,152],"profiles":[88],"sidelobe":[90,104],"levels.":[91],"Considering":[92],"randomness":[94],"signals,":[97],"expected":[101],"mainlobe":[102],"levels":[105],"schemes":[109,132,194],"define":[111],"intra-slot":[112,128],"inter-slot":[114],"transforms":[115],"symbols":[117],"within":[118],"across":[120,191],"slots.":[122],"Theoretical":[123],"results":[124,180],"reveal":[125],"that":[126,166],"transform":[129],"determines":[133],"profiles,":[135],"waveforms":[137],"defined":[138],"domain":[142],"achieve":[143,169],"superior":[144],"ranging":[145,171],"compared":[147],"those":[149],"domain.":[153],"Additionally,":[154],"investigate":[156],"impact":[158],"constellation":[160],"mapping":[161,176],"performance,":[164],"demonstrating":[165],"frequency-domain":[167],"modulations":[168],"optimal":[170],"when":[173],"using":[174],"constant-modulus":[175],"constellations.":[177],"The":[178],"simulation":[179],"verify":[181],"theoretical":[183],"analysis":[184],"provide":[186],"comparison":[190],"terms":[196],"detection":[198],"probability":[199],"P<inf":[200],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[201],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">d</inf>":[202],"root":[204],"mean":[205],"square":[206],"error":[207],"(RMSE).":[208]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}