{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414646800","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174614","title":"Impact of Weather on Satellite Communication: Evaluating Starlink Resilience","display_name":"Impact of Weather on Satellite Communication: Evaluating Starlink Resilience","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414646800","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174614"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174614","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174614","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 101st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101735265","display_name":"Muhammad Asad Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3594-8910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Asad Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd.,Espoo,Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd.,Espoo,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023085661","display_name":"Antti Heikkinen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antti Heikkinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd.,Espoo,Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd.,Espoo,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055964920","display_name":"Mikko Uitto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikko Uitto","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd.,Espoo,Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd.,Espoo,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007199285","display_name":"Antti Anttonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0575-9409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antti Anttonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd.,Espoo,Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd.,Espoo,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091143974","display_name":"Konstantin Mikhaylov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5518-6629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantin Mikhaylov","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu,Centre for Wireless Communications,Oulu,Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu,Centre for Wireless Communications,Oulu,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":32.3267,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99698888,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9624999761581421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9624999761581421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.701200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.6410999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5582000017166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5404000282287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-cover","display_name":"Cloud cover","score":0.49869999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic","display_name":"Arctic","score":0.35929998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.3483000099658966}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.701200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.6410999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5582000017166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5404000282287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206887242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830457","display_name":"Cloud cover","level":3,"score":0.49869999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.45320001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4456999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518008717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322","display_name":"Arctic","level":2,"score":0.35929998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.3483000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205537798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277161","display_name":"Extreme weather","level":3,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.31380000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.30970001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55510283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1382947","display_name":"Depth sounding","level":2,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2574999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174614","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174614","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 101st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2110095377","https://openalex.org/W3089706104","https://openalex.org/W4307020315","https://openalex.org/W4307020413","https://openalex.org/W4366957376","https://openalex.org/W4377981511","https://openalex.org/W4385801155","https://openalex.org/W4386260517","https://openalex.org/W4389109086","https://openalex.org/W4392222548","https://openalex.org/W4392410868","https://openalex.org/W4393063598","https://openalex.org/W4394881852","https://openalex.org/W4394966982","https://openalex.org/W4396758450","https://openalex.org/W4398765412","https://openalex.org/W4399169322","https://openalex.org/W4401612264","https://openalex.org/W4403636773","https://openalex.org/W4404035428"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Satellite":[0],"communications":[1],"have":[2],"emerged":[3],"as":[4],"one":[5],"of":[6,97,111,127,179,202,215],"the":[7,18,22,109,125,142,162,170,177,183,191,212],"most":[8],"feasible":[9],"solutions":[10],"to":[11,58,107,204],"provide":[12],"global":[13,34],"wireless":[14],"coverage":[15],"and":[16,32,36,42,52,89,153,196],"connect":[17],"unconnected.":[19],"Starlink":[20,54,63,184],"dominates":[21],"market":[23],"with":[24,76],"over$\\mathbf{7,000}$operational":[25],"satellites":[26],"in":[27,74,132,138],"low":[28],"Earth":[29],"orbit":[30],"(LEO)":[31],"offers":[33],"high-speed":[35],"low-latency":[37],"Internet":[38],"service":[39],"for":[40,49,71,87],"stationary":[41,88],"mobile":[43],"use":[44],"cases,":[45],"including":[46],"in-motion":[47,90],"connectivity":[48],"vehicles,":[50],"vessels,":[51],"aircraft.":[53],"terminals":[55],"are":[56],"designed":[57],"handle":[59],"extreme":[60,77],"weather":[61,78,99,112,128],"conditions.":[62,79],"recommends":[64],"a":[65,94,105,135],"flat":[66],"high":[67],"performance":[68,131],"(FHP)":[69],"terminal":[70],"users":[72,91],"living":[73],"areas":[75],"The":[80,186,199],"earlier":[81],"studies":[82],"evaluated":[83],"Starlink's":[84,130],"FHP":[85],"throughput":[86,155,195,210],"without":[92],"providing":[93],"detailed":[95],"analysis":[96,189],"how":[98],"affects":[100],"its":[101],"performance.":[102],"There":[103],"remains":[104],"need":[106],"investigate":[108],"impact":[110,126,168,178],"on":[113,129,169,182],"FHP's":[114],"throughput.":[115,185],"In":[116],"this":[117,121],"paper,":[118],"we":[119,174],"address":[120],"shortcoming":[122],"by":[123,156],"analyzing":[124],"Oulu,":[133],"Finland,":[134],"city":[136],"located":[137],"Northern":[139],"Europe":[140],"near":[141],"Arctic":[143],"Circle.":[144],"Our":[145],"measurements":[146],"reveal":[147],"that":[148],"rain":[149],"degrades":[150],"median":[151],"uplink":[152],"downlink":[154],"52.27%":[157],"and$\\mathbf{37.84":[158],"\\%}$,":[159],"respectively.":[160],"On":[161],"contrary,":[163],"there":[164],"was":[165],"no":[166],"noticeable":[167],"round-trip":[171],"time.":[172],"Additionally,":[173],"also":[175],"examine":[176],"cloud":[180,197,200,213],"cover":[181,201,214],"linear":[187],"regression":[188],"reveals":[190],"negative":[192],"relationship":[193],"between":[194],"cover.":[198],"up":[203],"12.5%":[205],"has":[206],"around":[207],"20%":[208],"greater":[209],"than":[211],"87.5%.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
