{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414646851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174597","title":"EVSOAR: Security Orchestration, Automation and Response via EV Charging Stations","display_name":"EVSOAR: Security Orchestration, Automation and Response via EV Charging Stations","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414646851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174597"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174597","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174597","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 101st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072179904","display_name":"Tadeu Freitas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5573-2434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tadeu Freitas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Porto (FCUP), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),Faculty of Science,Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Porto (FCUP), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),Faculty of Science,Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078474088","display_name":"Erick Silva","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erick Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Porto (FCUP), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),Faculty of Science,Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Porto (FCUP), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),Faculty of Science,Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075166587","display_name":"Rehana Yasmin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9039-0648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rehana Yasmin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Porto (FCUP), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),Faculty of Science,Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Porto (FCUP), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),Faculty of Science,Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015028788","display_name":"Ali Shoker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4898-9394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Shoker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Porto (FCUP), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),Faculty of Science,Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Porto (FCUP), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),Faculty of Science,Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056652984","display_name":"Manuel E. Correia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2348-8075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel E. Correia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Porto (FCUP), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),Faculty of Science,Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Porto (FCUP), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),Faculty of Science,Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037800511","display_name":"Rolando Martins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1838-1417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rolando Martins","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Porto (FCUP), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),Faculty of Science,Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Porto (FCUP), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),Faculty of Science,Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053669717","display_name":"Paulo Ver\u0131\u0301ssimo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0085-8053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulo Esteves-Verissimo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Porto (FCUP), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),Faculty of Science,Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Porto (FCUP), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),Faculty of Science,Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072179904"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3947,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84439592,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9379000067710876,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9379000067710876,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9185000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.917900025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7495999932289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soar","display_name":"Soar","score":0.6847000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5945000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.5922999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.589900016784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.47780001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","score":0.4507000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-infrastructure","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","score":0.41440001130104065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7495999932289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17305859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382944","display_name":"Soar","level":2,"score":0.6847000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6550999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5945000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.5922999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.589900016784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.47780001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4507000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.42910000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.41440001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.3693999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.35339999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.3203999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.3070000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38369872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445009","display_name":"Security analysis","level":2,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154908896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2167404","display_name":"Security policy","level":2,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98025372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477538","display_name":"Systems architecture","level":3,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174597","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174597","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 101st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6193721327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021.04529.BD","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337197","funder_display_name":"Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Supply Chain"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337197","display_name":"Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Supply Chain","ror":"https://ror.org/05tj7dm33"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2964162474","https://openalex.org/W2968792684","https://openalex.org/W2984723610","https://openalex.org/W2997239008","https://openalex.org/W3021654819","https://openalex.org/W3119621753","https://openalex.org/W3124679418","https://openalex.org/W3186938832","https://openalex.org/W3195197452","https://openalex.org/W3215200515","https://openalex.org/W4220807417","https://openalex.org/W4225144658","https://openalex.org/W4281253802","https://openalex.org/W4295088039","https://openalex.org/W4320729666","https://openalex.org/W4385625596","https://openalex.org/W4391424204","https://openalex.org/W4391698867","https://openalex.org/W4392249369","https://openalex.org/W4404057176","https://openalex.org/W4404057195"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vehicle":[0,47],"cybersecurity":[1,85,144],"has":[2],"emerged":[3],"as":[4,96],"a":[5,114,161],"critical":[6],"concern,":[7],"driven":[8],"by":[9,29],"innovation":[10],"in":[11,164],"the":[12,30,37,44,61,66,121,148,170,173,185],"automotive":[13,63],"industry,":[14],"e.g.,":[15],"autonomous,":[16],"electric,":[17],"or":[18],"connected":[19,40],"vehicles.":[20,190],"Current":[21],"efforts":[22],"to":[23,59,129,143,147,175],"address":[24,109],"these":[25,110],"challenges":[26],"are":[27,78,181],"constrained":[28],"limited":[31],"computational":[32],"resources":[33],"of":[34,46,188],"vehicles":[35],"and":[36,68,74,99,105,127,140,154,167,172],"reliance":[38],"on":[39,92],"infrastructures.":[41],"This":[42],"motivated":[43],"foundation":[45],"Security":[48,55,71],"Operations":[49,56],"Centers":[50,57],"(VSOCs)":[51],"that":[52,119,180],"extend":[53],"IT-based":[54],"(SOCs)":[58],"cover":[60],"entire":[62],"ecosystem,":[64],"both":[65],"in-vehicle":[67],"off-vehicle":[69],"scopes.":[70],"Orchestration,":[72],"Automation,":[73],"Response":[75],"(SOAR)":[76],"tools":[77],"considered":[79],"key":[80],"for":[81,125],"implementing":[82],"an":[83],"effective":[84],"solution.":[86],"However,":[87],"existing":[88],"state-of-the-art":[89],"solutions":[90],"depend":[91],"infrastructure":[93,171],"networks":[94],"such":[95],"4G,":[97],"5G,":[98],"WiFi,":[100],"which":[101],"often":[102],"face":[103],"scalability":[104,168],"congestion":[106],"issues.":[107],"To":[108],"limitations,":[111],"we":[112],"propose":[113],"novel":[115],"SOAR":[116,135],"architecture":[117,136],"EVSOAR":[118],"leverages":[120],"EV":[122],"charging":[123],"stations":[124],"connectivity":[126],"computing":[128],"enhance":[130],"vehicle":[131],"cybersecurity.":[132],"Our":[133,157],"EV-specific":[134],"enables":[137],"real-time":[138],"analysis":[139],"automated":[141],"responses":[142],"threats":[145],"closer":[146],"EV,":[149],"reducing":[150],"cellular":[151],"latency,":[152,165],"bandwidth,":[153],"interference":[155],"limitations.":[156],"experimental":[158],"results":[159],"demonstrate":[160],"significant":[162],"improvement":[163],"stability,":[166],"through":[169],"capacity":[174],"deploy":[176],"computationally":[177],"intensive":[178],"applications":[179],"otherwise":[182],"infeasible":[183],"within":[184],"resource":[186],"constraints":[187],"individual":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}