{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414647458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174531","title":"A Reliable and Computationally Efficient Soft-Output Fixed-Complexity Sphere Decoder for Large-Scale MIMO Systems","display_name":"A Reliable and Computationally Efficient Soft-Output Fixed-Complexity Sphere Decoder for Large-Scale MIMO Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414647458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174531"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174531","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174531","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 101st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101675209","display_name":"Yen\u2010Ming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0786-3314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yen-Ming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University,Kaohsiung,Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University,Kaohsiung,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027214547","display_name":"Shih-Jie Jhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shih-Jie Jhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Hsinchu,Taiwan,R.O.C"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Hsinchu,Taiwan,R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048130890","display_name":"Yeong-Luh Ueng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3438-0385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yeong-Luh Ueng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Hsinchu,Taiwan,R.O.C"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Hsinchu,Taiwan,R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32333346,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.791700005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complement","display_name":"Complement (music)","score":0.6007999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5486999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5314000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5006999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.48080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4009000062942505}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.791700005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7038999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6291000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886648","display_name":"Complement (music)","level":5,"score":0.6007999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5486999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5314000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5006999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.48080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4009000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.3790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3582000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156340839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2704791","display_name":"Enumeration","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.2596000134944916}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174531","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174531","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 101st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1946663460","https://openalex.org/W2030406159","https://openalex.org/W2044144964","https://openalex.org/W2047277388","https://openalex.org/W2085536684","https://openalex.org/W2102211002","https://openalex.org/W2107895753","https://openalex.org/W2112772743","https://openalex.org/W2115452265","https://openalex.org/W2116631972","https://openalex.org/W2118425896","https://openalex.org/W2122862809","https://openalex.org/W2123701696","https://openalex.org/W2125526602","https://openalex.org/W2126483728","https://openalex.org/W2129994137","https://openalex.org/W2133475491","https://openalex.org/W2139317044","https://openalex.org/W2141389982","https://openalex.org/W2148978817","https://openalex.org/W2153596497","https://openalex.org/W2160897074","https://openalex.org/W2955424371","https://openalex.org/W3123366045","https://openalex.org/W4323520973"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"explores":[2],"a":[3,50],"robust":[4],"and":[5,42,78,120],"computationally":[6],"efficient":[7],"soft-output":[8,110],"fixed-complexity":[9],"sphere":[10,124],"decoder":[11],"(FSD)":[12],"designed":[13,25,63],"for":[14,26,38,64],"large-scale":[15],"multiple-input":[16],"multiple-output":[17],"(MIMO)":[18],"detection.":[19],"A":[20],"partial":[21],"expansion":[22],"strategy":[23],"is":[24,61,87],"the":[27,32,40,46,65,94,108,122],"first":[28],"two":[29],"layers":[30],"of":[31,45],"proposed":[33,109],"FSD,":[34],"utilizing":[35],"enumeration":[36],"orders":[37],"both":[39],"real":[41],"imaginary":[43],"components":[44],"signal":[47],"space.":[48],"Additionally,":[49],"section-wise":[51],"list":[52,123],"candidate":[53],"selection":[54],"method,":[55],"incorporating":[56],"an":[57],"innovative":[58],"grouping":[59],"strategy,":[60],"specifically":[62],"leaf":[66],"layer.":[67],"These":[68],"techniques":[69],"complement":[70],"each":[71],"other":[72],"to":[73,89,98,117],"significantly":[74,128],"reduce":[75],"computational":[76],"complexity":[77],"minimize":[79],"processing":[80],"delays.":[81],"Furthermore,":[82],"log-likelihood":[83],"ratio":[84],"(LLR)":[85],"refinement":[86],"implemented":[88],"counteract":[90],"overestimation":[91],"caused":[92],"by":[93],"bit-flipping":[95],"algorithm,":[96],"leading":[97],"notable":[99],"improvements":[100],"in":[101],"error":[102,114],"performance.":[103],"Simulation":[104],"results":[105],"demonstrate":[106],"that":[107],"FSD":[111],"achieves":[112],"superior":[113],"performance":[115],"compared":[116],"benchmark":[118],"schemes":[119],"approaches":[121],"decoder,":[125],"while":[126],"maintaining":[127],"lower":[129],"complexity.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}