{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414647396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174362","title":"Exploring Multiclass Data Poisoning within an Industrial 5G Private Network","display_name":"Exploring Multiclass Data Poisoning within an Industrial 5G Private Network","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414647396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174362"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174362","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174362","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 101st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018941427","display_name":"Anum Paracha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0005-2153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12870472","display_name":"Birmingham City University","ror":"https://ror.org/00t67pt25","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anum Paracha","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing, Birmingham City University,Birmingham,United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing, Birmingham City University,Birmingham,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104633544","display_name":"Oluwatobi Baiyekusi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12870472","display_name":"Birmingham City University","ror":"https://ror.org/00t67pt25","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oluwatobi Baiyekusi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing, Birmingham City University,Birmingham,United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing, Birmingham City University,Birmingham,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050335396","display_name":"Junaid Arshad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0424-9498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12870472","display_name":"Birmingham City University","ror":"https://ror.org/00t67pt25","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junaid Arshad","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing, Birmingham City University,Birmingham,United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing, Birmingham City University,Birmingham,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020857798","display_name":"De Mi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3891-820X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12870472","display_name":"Birmingham City University","ror":"https://ror.org/00t67pt25","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"De Mi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing, Birmingham City University,Birmingham,United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing, Birmingham City University,Birmingham,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101046520","display_name":"Lu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5258-5922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162994","display_name":"Xijing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xsjkb63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi&#x0027;an Xijing University,Xi&#x0027;an,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi&#x0027;an Xijing University,Xi&#x0027;an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076301736","display_name":"Yunsheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5630-4570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158809036","display_name":"Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03wrf9427","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158809036"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunsheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institute of information Technology,Shenzhen,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute of information Technology,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158809036"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023420705","display_name":"Fengwei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3886-7331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098582","display_name":"ZTE (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rjhhq63","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengwei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["ZTE Corporation,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZTE Corporation,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lei Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098582","display_name":"ZTE (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rjhhq63","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["ZTE Corporation,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZTE Corporation,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062437180","display_name":"Jintao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6114-9429"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jintao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["MarineSat Network Technology Co., Ltd,Hangzhou,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MarineSat Network Technology Co., Ltd,Hangzhou,China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018941427"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40105417,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.8812999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.8812999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.8391000032424927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.8382999897003174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6291999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.423799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.3788999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.3693999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poison-control","display_name":"Poison control","score":0.36820000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.36340001225471497}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6291999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5551999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5424000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4959000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.423799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.3788999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3727000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3693999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.36820000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.36340001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.36079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117387248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11186","display_name":"Private network","level":2,"score":0.35120001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123860398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934605","display_name":"Multiclass classification","level":3,"score":0.3070000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3070000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910744550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125367","display_name":"CO poisoning","level":3,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5481197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16766476","display_name":"Decision tree learning","level":3,"score":0.2522999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174362","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174362","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 101st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"Learning":[1],"(ML)":[2],"models":[3,83],"have":[4],"proven":[5],"effective":[6],"in":[7,86],"optimizing":[8],"wireless":[9],"and":[10,65,76,121],"private":[11,35],"networks.":[12],"However,":[13],"recent":[14],"research":[15,79],"highlights":[16],"the":[17,40,87,106],"threat":[18,30],"of":[19,42,129],"data":[20,43,99,109],"poisoning":[21,44,51,72,100,110],"attacks":[22],"on":[23,31,50],"ML":[24,53],"models.":[25,104],"To":[26],"analyze":[27],"such":[28],"a":[29,126],"an":[32],"industrial":[33],"5G":[34],"network,":[36,88],"this":[37],"work":[38],"investigates":[39],"effectiveness":[41],"against":[45],"it.":[46],"We":[47],"primarily":[48],"focus":[49],"four":[52],"models:":[54],"Support":[55],"Vector":[56],"Machines":[57],"(SVM),":[58],"Random":[59],"Forest":[60],"(RF),":[61],"Decision":[62],"Tree":[63],"(DT),":[64],"Artificial":[66],"Neural":[67],"Networks":[68],"(ANN),":[69],"at":[70],"three":[71],"levels:":[73],"10%,":[74],"15%,":[75],"20%.":[77],"Our":[78],"shows":[80,125],"that":[81],"all":[82],"introduce":[84],"instability":[85],"rather":[89],"than":[90],"optimization,":[91],"whereas":[92],"neural":[93],"networks":[94],"are":[95],"less":[96],"affected":[97],"by":[98,115],"compared":[101],"to":[102],"other":[103],"At":[105],"20":[107],"%":[108],"level,":[111],"model":[112],"performance":[113],"degrades":[114],"about":[116],"6-7%":[117],"for":[118],"SVM,":[119],"RF,":[120],"DT,":[122],"while":[123],"ANN":[124],"minimal":[127],"disruption":[128],"2%.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
