{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7118904142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11310539","title":"Energy-Efficient Random Access for mMTC Using NOMA and Q-learning","display_name":"Energy-Efficient Random Access for mMTC Using NOMA and Q-learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7118904142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11310539"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11310539","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11310539","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 102nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122185133","display_name":"Xu Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,School of Computer,Zhenjiang,China,212100"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,School of Computer,Zhenjiang,China,212100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101884688","display_name":"Zhenyou Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6290-1507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyou Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,School of Computer,Zhenjiang,China,212100"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,School of Computer,Zhenjiang,China,212100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122054540","display_name":"Zeyu Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeyu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,School of Computer,Zhenjiang,China,212100"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,School of Computer,Zhenjiang,China,212100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012797988","display_name":"Jie Ding","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,School of Computer,Zhenjiang,China,212100"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,School of Computer,Zhenjiang,China,212100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5122185133"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60856145,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.011099999770522118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access","display_name":"Random access","score":0.6883999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.583299994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aloha","display_name":"Aloha","score":0.5785999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5532000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.4562999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.4431999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.42910000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.42640000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4219000041484833}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101722063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218825","display_name":"Random access","level":2,"score":0.6883999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6650999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6317999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.583299994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776398200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508880","display_name":"Aloha","level":4,"score":0.5785999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5532000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.4562999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.4431999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.42910000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.42640000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4219000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.39169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.37950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3433000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62793504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228327","display_name":"Access network","level":2,"score":0.34040001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.33889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.3296999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182448111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7281197","display_name":"Radio resource management","level":4,"score":0.3292999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.3181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31243852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666739","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","level":2,"score":0.3059000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777958785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17120940","display_name":"Resource efficiency","level":2,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30436405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210973","display_name":"Cellular communication","level":3,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63029442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504978","display_name":"Spectrum management","level":4,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11310539","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11310539","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 102nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8207803964614868,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2887019724","https://openalex.org/W2962947312","https://openalex.org/W3166816823","https://openalex.org/W3189457666","https://openalex.org/W4320001374","https://openalex.org/W4327523253","https://openalex.org/W4385453345","https://openalex.org/W4390905642","https://openalex.org/W4399908422","https://openalex.org/W4405950138","https://openalex.org/W4407128800","https://openalex.org/W4407691092","https://openalex.org/W4408323654"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,8,35,38,46,86,116,144,186],"rapid":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,10,23,40,48,89,172,204],"5G":[5],"networks":[6,17],"and":[7,29,45,79,134,164,221,228,233],"Internet":[9],"Things":[11],"(IoT),":[12],"massive":[13],"machine-type":[14,41],"communication":[15,42,174],"(mMTC)":[16],"face":[18],"severe":[19],"challenges":[20],"in":[21,37,138,181,210,216,237],"terms":[22],"random":[24,59,235],"access":[25,60,166,196,236],"channel":[26],"(RACH)":[27],"congestion":[28],"energy":[30,77,162,192,219],"efficiency,":[31],"primarily":[32],"due":[33],"to":[34,75,104,114,128,159,206],"surge":[36],"number":[39],"(MTC)":[43],"devices":[44,84,103,127],"scarcity":[47],"radio":[49],"resources.":[50],"To":[51],"address":[52],"these":[53],"problems,":[54],"we":[55],"propose":[56],"an":[57,226],"uplink":[58],"scheme":[61,96],"that":[62],"integrates":[63],"Non-Orthogonal":[64],"Multiple":[65],"Access-based":[66],"Slotted":[67],"ALOHA":[68],"(NOMA-SA)":[69],"with":[70,169],"Multi-Agent":[71,120],"Q-learning":[72],"(MAQL),":[73],"aiming":[74],"optimize":[76,208],"consumption":[78,163,193],"resource":[80,145],"allocation":[81,146],"for":[82,231],"MTC":[83],"within":[85],"coverage":[87],"area":[88],"a":[90,119,139,213],"base":[91],"station":[92],"(BS).":[93],"The":[94,202],"proposed":[95,187],"enhances":[97],"spectral":[98],"efficiency":[99,220],"by":[100,148],"enabling":[101],"multiple":[102],"share":[105],"time-frequency":[106],"resources":[107],"through":[108],"NOMA-SA,":[109],"while":[110,194],"MAQL":[111,205],"is":[112,157],"employed":[113],"model":[115],"system":[117,191,200],"as":[118],"Markov":[121],"Decision":[122],"Process":[123],"(MA-MDP).":[124],"This":[125,223],"allows":[126],"collaboratively":[129],"select":[130],"optimal":[131],"time":[132],"slots":[133],"transmission":[135],"power":[136],"levels":[137],"dynamic":[140],"environment,":[141],"significantly":[142],"improving":[143],"process":[147],"learning":[149],"from":[150],"past":[151],"interactions.":[152],"A":[153],"tailored":[154],"objective":[155],"function":[156],"designed":[158],"minimize":[160],"overall":[161],"improve":[165],"success":[167,197],"probability,":[168],"specific":[170],"consideration":[171],"short-packet":[173],"(SPC)":[175],"scenarios.":[176],"Simulation":[177],"results":[178],"demonstrate":[179],"that,":[180],"densely":[182],"deployed":[183],"device":[184],"environments,":[185],"approach":[188],"effectively":[189],"reduces":[190],"ensuring":[195],"probability":[198],"meets":[199],"constraints.":[201],"ability":[203],"adaptively":[207],"decisions":[209],"real-time":[211],"provides":[212],"crucial":[214],"advantage":[215],"enhancing":[217],"both":[218],"reliability.":[222],"study":[224],"offers":[225],"innovative":[227],"practical":[229],"solution":[230],"efficient":[232],"energy-aware":[234],"mMTC":[238],"networks.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-08T20:10:11.968330","created_date":"2026-01-08T00:00:00"}