{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7118969877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11310365","title":"Towards Resilient Nationwide Connectivity: Achievable Capacity of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) for 5G/6G Integration in Singapore","display_name":"Towards Resilient Nationwide Connectivity: Achievable Capacity of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) for 5G/6G Integration in Singapore","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7118969877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11310365"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11310365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11310365","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 102nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113789505","display_name":"K. Yen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Yen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR,Singapore,138632"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR,Singapore,138632","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122062056","display_name":"Xiaojuan Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR,Singapore,138632"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR,Singapore,138632","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008659265","display_name":"Amnart Boonkajay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2400-2225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amnart Boonkajay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR,Singapore,138632"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR,Singapore,138632","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122180733","display_name":"Hongbo Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbo Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR,Singapore,138632"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR,Singapore,138632","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062431862","display_name":"Francois Chin Po Shin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francois Chin Po Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR,Singapore,138632"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR,Singapore,138632","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68310689,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.8474000096321106,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.8474000096321106,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.059300001710653305,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.02410000003874302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-earth-orbit","display_name":"Low earth orbit","score":0.5608999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.37770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complement","display_name":"Complement (music)","score":0.37220001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orbit","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","score":0.35440000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.3391999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-budget","display_name":"Link budget","score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ideal","display_name":"Ideal (ethics)","score":0.3057999908924103}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.5659000277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018325918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663611","display_name":"Low earth orbit","level":3,"score":0.5608999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.474700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.37770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886648","display_name":"Complement (music)","level":5,"score":0.37220001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196644772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3884964","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","level":2,"score":0.35440000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.3391999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94137725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509342","display_name":"Link budget","level":3,"score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840396","display_name":"Ideal (ethics)","level":2,"score":0.3057999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154978347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1579577","display_name":"Geocentric orbit","level":3,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39399123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348989","display_name":"Earth observation","level":3,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123138037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570871","display_name":"Global network","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665453","display_name":"System integration","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11310365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11310365","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 102nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44935011863708496,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2164309181","https://openalex.org/W2981817796","https://openalex.org/W3174434204","https://openalex.org/W4224249125","https://openalex.org/W4285288692","https://openalex.org/W4321021446","https://openalex.org/W4324290569","https://openalex.org/W4324382096","https://openalex.org/W4396853316","https://openalex.org/W4404576599"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,40,43,107],"potential":[4],"of":[5,45,109],"Non-Terrestrial":[6],"Networks":[7],"(NTNs)":[8],"as":[9,29],"a":[10],"resilient":[11],"complement":[12],"to":[13,71],"terrestrial":[14,24],"5G/6G":[15],"infrastructure":[16],"in":[17],"Singapore.":[18],"It":[19],"focuses":[20],"on":[21],"scenarios":[22],"where":[23],"networks":[25],"are":[26,65],"unavailable,":[27],"such":[28],"during":[30],"nationwide":[31],"outages.":[32],"Through":[33],"link":[34],"budget":[35],"analysis":[36,95],"and":[37,54,76,82,103],"antenna":[38,74],"modeling,":[39],"study":[41],"evaluates":[42],"capabilities":[44],"High-Altitude":[46],"Platforms":[47],"(HAPs),":[48],"Very":[49],"Low":[50,55],"Earth":[51,56],"Orbit":[52,57],"(VLEO),":[53],"(LEO)":[58],"satellites.":[59],"The":[60,94],"findings":[61],"indicate":[62],"that":[63],"HAPs":[64],"well-suited":[66],"for":[67,91],"urban":[68],"environments":[69],"due":[70],"their":[72],"compact":[73],"requirements":[75],"favorable":[77],"beam":[78],"characteristics,":[79],"while":[80],"VLEO":[81],"LEO":[83],"systems":[84],"provide":[85],"wider":[86],"coverage,":[87],"making":[88],"them":[89],"ideal":[90],"maritime":[92],"applications.":[93],"offers":[96],"insights":[97],"into":[98,111],"system":[99],"design,":[100],"cell":[101],"sizing,":[102],"interference":[104],"mitigation,":[105],"supporting":[106],"integration":[108],"NTNs":[110],"future":[112],"communication":[113],"networks.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2026-01-08T00:00:00"}
