{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7119148886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11310205","title":"The X-in-the-Loop Approach in P-CAR for Verification and Validation of Automated Vehicles","display_name":"The X-in-the-Loop Approach in P-CAR for Verification and Validation of Automated Vehicles","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7119148886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11310205"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11310205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11310205","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 102nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119232331","display_name":"Yuri Stangherlin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142552","display_name":"Radiolabs","ror":"https://ror.org/04aa89262","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142552"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuri Stangherlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radiolabs,Rome,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiolabs,Rome,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142552"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122271438","display_name":"Andrea Rofini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142552","display_name":"Radiolabs","ror":"https://ror.org/04aa89262","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142552"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Rofini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radiolabs,Rome,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiolabs,Rome,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142552"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033679174","display_name":"Vincenzo Sulli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1522-7446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142552","display_name":"Radiolabs","ror":"https://ror.org/04aa89262","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142552"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincenzo Sulli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radiolabs,Rome,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiolabs,Rome,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142552"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098753132","display_name":"Valeria Ioannucci","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142552","display_name":"Radiolabs","ror":"https://ror.org/04aa89262","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142552"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valeria Ioannucci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radiolabs,Rome,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiolabs,Rome,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142552"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101686621","display_name":"Francesco Valentini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3017-7080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142552","display_name":"Radiolabs","ror":"https://ror.org/04aa89262","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142552"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Valentini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radiolabs,Rome,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiolabs,Rome,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142552"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088474548","display_name":"Elena Cinque","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142552","display_name":"Radiolabs","ror":"https://ror.org/04aa89262","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142552"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Cinque","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radiolabs,Rome,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiolabs,Rome,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142552"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122204635","display_name":"Marco Pratesi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Pratesi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of L&#x2019;Aquila,DISIM and Centre of Excellence Ex-EMERGE,L&#x2019;Aquila,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of L&#x2019;Aquila,DISIM and Centre of Excellence Ex-EMERGE,L&#x2019;Aquila,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5119232331"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142552"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59786901,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9577999711036682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9577999711036682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.009600000455975533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.00559999980032444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6825000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.41830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-driver-assistance-systems","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","score":0.3889000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3806000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.3709000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-method","display_name":"Automated method","score":0.336899995803833}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6825000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5295000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.41830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.40540000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.3889000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3806000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.3709000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019060180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automated method","level":2,"score":0.336899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.31619998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126433048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7921324","display_name":"Verification and validation of computer simulation models","level":2,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48002344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919644","display_name":"Verification and validation","level":2,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11310205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11310205","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 102nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.4334408938884735,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3131792671","https://openalex.org/W3159774421","https://openalex.org/W4213322699","https://openalex.org/W4213426141","https://openalex.org/W4360995048","https://openalex.org/W4389362976","https://openalex.org/W4406267133"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,70,110,128],"roadmap":[1],"toward":[2],"autonomous":[3],"mobility":[4],"is":[5,13,112],"progressing":[6],"across":[7],"the":[8,15,18,22,25,28,37,40,57,75,81,90,101,131,135,139,145,150],"industrialized":[9],"world":[10],"and":[11,107,125,134],"Europe":[12],"at":[14],"forefront,":[16],"with":[17],"recent":[19],"release":[20],"of":[21,27,32,104,138],"regulation":[23],"for":[24,42],"type-approval":[26],"automated":[29,34,108],"driving":[30],"system":[31,94],"fully":[33],"vehicles.":[35],"At":[36],"same":[38],"time,":[39],"need":[41],"more":[43],"reliable":[44],"validation":[45,64,146],"methods":[46],"to":[47,59,79],"ensure":[48],"safety":[49],"has":[50],"become":[51],"paramount.":[52],"Real-world":[53],"road":[54],"environments":[55],"open":[56],"way":[58],"many":[60],"edge":[61],"cases,":[62],"making":[63],"through":[65],"classic":[66],"ground":[67],"tests":[68],"challenging.":[69],"Everything-in-the-Loop":[71],"approach":[72,133],"proposed":[73,132],"in":[74],"P-CAR":[76,151],"project":[77],"aims":[78],"fill":[80],"gap.":[82],"To":[83],"prove":[84],"its":[85,115],"capabilities,":[86],"we":[87],"have":[88],"selected":[89],"Intelligent":[91],"Speed":[92],"Assistance":[93],"as":[95],"a":[96,105,156],"representative":[97],"use":[98],"case":[99],"among":[100],"possible":[102],"functionalities":[103],"connected":[106],"vehicle.":[109],"choice":[111],"motivated":[113],"by":[114,149],"reliance":[116],"on":[117,144],"advanced":[118],"technologies,":[119],"including":[120],"connectivity,":[121],"digital":[122],"maps,":[123],"positioning,":[124],"on-board":[126],"sensing.":[127],"paper":[129],"describes":[130],"main":[136],"aspects":[137],"implementation.":[140],"Then,":[141],"it":[142],"focuses":[143],"process":[147],"implemented":[148],"laboratory,":[152],"whose":[153],"outcomes":[154],"represent":[155],"successful":[157],"compliance":[158],"test.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-23T20:09:44.859080","created_date":"2026-01-08T00:00:00"}
