{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7118930359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11310116","title":"Two-Stage DRL for Dynamic Resource Allocation in SAGIN-Enabled URLLC","display_name":"Two-Stage DRL for Dynamic Resource Allocation in SAGIN-Enabled URLLC","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7118930359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11310116"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11310116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11310116","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 102nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100384168","display_name":"Lingling Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4845-9868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingling Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory,Nanjing,China,210096"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory,Nanjing,China,210096","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102161514","display_name":"Yuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0762-7514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory,Nanjing,China,210096"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory,Nanjing,China,210096","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.46000000834465027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.46000000834465027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.3427000045776367,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.03350000083446503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6708999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retransmission","display_name":"Retransmission","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.5795999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.44679999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4350999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4214000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.41190001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-management","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.364300012588501}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7146999835968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6708999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180611318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316902","display_name":"Retransmission","level":3,"score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.5795999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.47540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.44679999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4350999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4214000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.41190001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3887999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.364300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.36309999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54108766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391064","display_name":"Packet loss","level":3,"score":0.3513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31691690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753979","display_name":"Timeout","level":2,"score":0.33889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3215000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780898871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Performance metric","level":2,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108921912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834639","display_name":"Transmission delay","level":3,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001161","display_name":"Network performance","level":2,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113508815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193446","display_name":"Packet switching","level":3,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11310116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11310116","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 102nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.44385457038879395,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087708208","https://openalex.org/W2106864314","https://openalex.org/W4312576489","https://openalex.org/W4385236732","https://openalex.org/W4389371473","https://openalex.org/W4391935850","https://openalex.org/W4392309238","https://openalex.org/W4396910013","https://openalex.org/W4402475128","https://openalex.org/W4402661198","https://openalex.org/W4407354649","https://openalex.org/W4407361297","https://openalex.org/W4410591260"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"efficient":[3,142],"resource":[4,117],"allocation":[5,92],"in":[6],"space-air-ground":[7],"integrated":[8],"network":[9],"(SAGIN)":[10],"enabled":[11],"ultra-reliable":[12],"and":[13,34,69,90,115,133],"low-latency":[14],"communication":[15],"(URLLC)":[16],"systems":[17],"to":[18,40,95,112,124],"enhance":[19,74],"URLLC":[20],"reliability":[21,48],"under":[22],"stringent":[23],"latency":[24],"constraints.":[25],"Considering":[26],"the":[27,97,101,149],"packet":[28,52,61,80],"delivery":[29],"process":[30],"comprising":[31],"ground-toair":[32],"(G2A)":[33],"air-to-space":[35],"(A2S)":[36],"phases":[37],"from":[38],"users":[39],"low":[41],"earth":[42],"orbit":[43],"(LEO)":[44],"satellites,":[45],"a":[46,103,129,134,153],"comprehensive":[47],"metric":[49],"termed":[50],"latency-constrained":[51],"dropping":[53],"rate":[54],"(LCPDR)":[55],"is":[56,77,93,110],"introduced,":[57],"which":[58],"jointly":[59],"captures":[60],"losses":[62],"induced":[63],"by":[64],"transmission":[65],"errors,":[66],"timeout":[67],"violations,":[68],"buffer":[70],"overflows.":[71],"To":[72,99],"further":[73],"reliability,":[75],"retransmission":[76],"employed":[78],"during":[79],"delivery.":[81],"An":[82],"optimization":[83,107],"problem":[84],"of":[85],"dynamic":[86],"subchannel,":[87],"time":[88],"slot":[89],"power":[91],"formulated":[94],"minimize":[96],"LCPDR.":[98],"solve":[100],"problem,":[102],"two-stage":[104],"proximal":[105],"policy":[106],"(TS-PPO)":[108],"algorithm":[109,151],"proposed":[111,150],"decouple":[113],"G2A":[114],"A2S":[116],"allocations,":[118],"thereby":[119],"reducing":[120],"computational":[121],"complexity":[122],"relative":[123],"conventional":[125],"joint":[126],"allocation.":[127],"Moreover,":[128],"hierarchical":[130],"deployment":[131],"architecture":[132],"leader":[135],"UAV":[136],"election":[137],"mechanism":[138],"are":[139],"developed":[140],"for":[141],"agent":[143],"deployment.":[144],"Simulation":[145],"results":[146],"demonstrate":[147],"that":[148],"achieves":[152],"lower":[154],"LCPDR":[155],"than":[156],"other":[157],"benchmark":[158],"algorithms,":[159],"confirming":[160],"its":[161],"effectiveness.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-01-08T00:00:00"}