{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7118821825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11309346","title":"A Modified Expectation Maximization Semi-Blind Channel Estimation for Symbiotic Cell-Free Massive MIMO","display_name":"A Modified Expectation Maximization Semi-Blind Channel Estimation for Symbiotic Cell-Free Massive MIMO","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7118821825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11309346"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11309346","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11309346","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 102nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023567374","display_name":"Zhen Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-980X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology,School of Information Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology,School of Information Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102983694","display_name":"Ziheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3678-261X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology,School of Information Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology,School of Information Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122253190","display_name":"Tong Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology,School of Information Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology,School of Information Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068108012","display_name":"Lin Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8988-7354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology,School of Information Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology,School of Information Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122112526","display_name":"Yufei Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yufei Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology,School of Information Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology,School of Information Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023567374"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61001547,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.5275999903678894,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.5275999903678894,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.43130001425743103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.009499999694526196,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expectation\u2013maximization-algorithm","display_name":"Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm","score":0.7815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prior-probability","display_name":"Prior probability","score":0.6866999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.6791999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.6642000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5824999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","score":0.5041999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.47209998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.41780000925064087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182081679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1275153","display_name":"Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm","level":3,"score":0.7815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177769412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278090","display_name":"Prior probability","level":3,"score":0.6866999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6791999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.6642000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6141999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5824999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5644000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.5041999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.49639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47209998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.41780000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.38269999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.34389999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.2957000136375427}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11309346","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-fall65116.2025.11309346","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 102nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2154122135","https://openalex.org/W2286275639","https://openalex.org/W2630710962","https://openalex.org/W2791978050","https://openalex.org/W2886896446","https://openalex.org/W2913187909","https://openalex.org/W3102079273","https://openalex.org/W4212863985","https://openalex.org/W4313154621","https://openalex.org/W4388118601","https://openalex.org/W4391547801","https://openalex.org/W4394773561","https://openalex.org/W4400276278","https://openalex.org/W4402834069","https://openalex.org/W4405907284"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,102],"this":[1],"study,":[2],"we":[3,59],"investigate":[4],"symbiotic":[5],"radio-assisted":[6],"cell-free":[7],"massive":[8],"multiple-input":[9],"multiple-output":[10],"(SCF-mMIMO)":[11],"systems":[12],"in":[13],"which":[14],"multiple":[15],"access":[16],"points":[17],"serve":[18],"primary":[19],"users":[20],"and":[21,42],"backscatter":[22],"devices.":[23],"We":[24],"propose":[25],"a":[26,61],"semi-blind":[27,119],"channel":[28,71,109,120],"estimation":[29,121],"scheme":[30],"based":[31],"on":[32],"the":[33,55,70,75,82,87,99,104],"expectation":[34],"maximization":[35],"(EM)":[36],"algorithm":[37,64,85,107],"to":[38,47,73],"reduce":[39],"pilot":[40],"overhead":[41],"iteratively":[43],"achieve":[44],"performance":[45,92],"close":[46],"that":[48,81,97,118],"of":[49,98],"maximum":[50],"likelihood":[51],"(ML)":[52],"estimation.":[53,101],"Unlike":[54],"traditional":[56,112],"EM":[57,63,84,106,113],"algorithm,":[58],"derive":[60],"modified":[62,105],"by":[65],"incorporating":[66],"suitable":[67],"priors":[68,110],"for":[69,86,125],"coefficients":[72],"estimate":[74],"aggregate":[76],"channel.":[77],"Simulation":[78],"results":[79,116],"show":[80],"proposed":[83],"SCF-mMIMO":[88,126],"system":[89],"achieves":[90],"good":[91],"with":[93],"fewer":[94],"pilots,":[95],"approaching":[96],"ML":[100],"addition,":[103],"using":[108],"outperforms":[111],"algorithms.":[114],"These":[115],"suggest":[117],"holds":[122],"considerable":[123],"promise":[124],"systems.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-08T20:10:11.968330","created_date":"2026-01-08T00:00:00"}