{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402835335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2024-spring62846.2024.10683668","title":"TRTFL: A Transformer Based Robust Time-Frequency Localization Detector for Spectrogram with Overlapping Signals","display_name":"TRTFL: A Transformer Based Robust Time-Frequency Localization Detector for Spectrogram with Overlapping Signals","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402835335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2024-spring62846.2024.10683668"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2024-spring62846.2024.10683668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2024-spring62846.2024.10683668","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 99th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2024-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011473671","display_name":"Runyi Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0005-5389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Runyi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University,Xi'an,China,710071"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University,Xi'an,China,710071","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029601945","display_name":"Yuhan Ruan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4278-5662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhan Ruan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University,Xi'an,China,710071"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University,Xi'an,China,710071","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108052554","display_name":"Huacheng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1724-6720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huacheng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science & Technology, Northwest University,Xi'an,China,710127"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science & Technology, Northwest University,Xi'an,China,710127","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440801","display_name":"Tao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9968-2993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University,Xi'an,China,710071"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University,Xi'an,China,710071","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100421972","display_name":"Rui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9049-4758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University,Xi'an,China,710071"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University,Xi'an,China,710071","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041453048","display_name":"Dong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-0899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University,Xi'an,China,710071"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University,Xi'an,China,710071","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017026695","display_name":"Yongzhao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2142-6652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongzhao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University,Xi'an,China,710071"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University,Xi'an,China,710071","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011473671"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3696,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81557377,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9591000080108643,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9591000080108643,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.940500020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9199000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrogram","display_name":"Spectrogram","score":0.9550589323043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.669127345085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time\u2013frequency-analysis","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","score":0.6442875862121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5701133012771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.45386600494384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.4537591338157654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3399990200996399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.29055094718933105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.1796560287475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14876529574394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.14245426654815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12556812167167664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.11402788758277893}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45273575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578970","display_name":"Spectrogram","level":2,"score":0.9550589323043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.669127345085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142433447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7806653","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","level":3,"score":0.6442875862121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5701133012771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.45386600494384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.4537591338157654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3399990200996399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.29055094718933105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.1796560287475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14876529574394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14245426654815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12556812167167664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.11402788758277893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2024-spring62846.2024.10683668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2024-spring62846.2024.10683668","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 99th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2024-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2598144628","https://openalex.org/W2793831908","https://openalex.org/W2886600306","https://openalex.org/W2966910701","https://openalex.org/W3017995847","https://openalex.org/W3035433808","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3170873474","https://openalex.org/W4293195393","https://openalex.org/W4313017643","https://openalex.org/W4315630256","https://openalex.org/W4318624566","https://openalex.org/W4378421971","https://openalex.org/W4385212083"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1889291648","https://openalex.org/W2897924318","https://openalex.org/W2138997758","https://openalex.org/W2533590149","https://openalex.org/W335396218","https://openalex.org/W1504214173","https://openalex.org/W1600447354","https://openalex.org/W1589126043","https://openalex.org/W2035480840","https://openalex.org/W2602361891"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Time-frequency":[0],"localization":[1,26,60],"based":[2,20,57],"intelligent":[3],"wideband":[4],"spectrum":[5,13],"sensing":[6],"is":[7],"essential":[8],"for":[9,88,121],"achieving":[10],"precise":[11],"dynamic":[12],"access":[14],"and":[15,46,117],"management.":[16],"Currently,":[17],"object":[18],"detection":[19],"detectors":[21,116],"can":[22,42],"achieve":[23],"excellent":[24],"time-frequency":[25,40,59,70],"performance":[27],"in":[28,38,77,101,124],"a":[29,55,94,98],"simple":[30],"electromagnetic":[31],"environment.":[32],"However,":[33],"the":[34,39,66,69,79,85,102,109],"overlapping":[35,122],"of":[36,68,111],"signals":[37,123],"domain":[41,71],"corrupt":[43],"signal":[44],"features":[45,67],"degrade":[47],"detector":[48,62],"performance.":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51],"paper,":[52],"we":[53,92],"propose":[54],"transformer":[56,103],"robust":[58],"(TRTFL)":[61],"that":[63],"fully":[64],"extracts":[65],"correlation":[72],"to":[73,83,114],"improve":[74],"its":[75,119],"robustness":[76,120],"solving":[78],"aforementioned":[80],"problem.":[81],"Furthermore,":[82],"exploit":[84],"convolution":[86],"operation":[87],"mining":[89],"fine-grained":[90],"features,":[91],"embed":[93],"convolutional":[95],"layer":[96],"with":[97],"small":[99],"kernel":[100],"block.":[104],"Finally,":[105],"simulation":[106],"results":[107],"validate":[108],"advantages":[110],"TRTFL":[112],"compared":[113],"existing":[115],"demonstrate":[118],"spectrogram.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}